NORTH 



4249 



NORTH AMERICA 





1910 the population was 27375; by 1916 it had 

 increased to 31,401 (Federal .estimate). The 

 area of the borough is three and one-half square 

 miles. 



istown is noted for the variety of its 

 manufactures. It has a large output of knit 

 goods, hosiery and underwear, and produces 

 a great variety of foundry and machine-shop 

 products; it also makes rugs, carpets, glass 

 products and cigars. Near by are marble, gran- 

 ite and limestone quarries. Noteworthy build- 

 ings are the post office, built of marble, the 

 county courthouse, city hall, county jail, Ma- 

 sonic Temple, the state hospital for the insane, 

 Saint Joseph's Protectory for girls, and a home 

 for aged women. Besides the public schools, 

 there are the public and McCann libraries, two 

 business colleges and the Montgomery Histor- 

 ical Society. Features of interest are Island 

 Park and the memorials to Winfield Scott Han- 

 cock and John F. Hartranft, American military 

 leaders, who were born in Montgomery County. 

 Valley Forge is six miles distant. R.H. 



NORTH, CHRISTOPHER, the pen name of the 

 Scotch writer, JOHN WILSON (which see). 



NORTH, FREDERICK, LORD, Earl of Guilford 



(1732-1792), an English statesman who by his 



uncompromising attitude toward the English 



colonies in America did much to bring on the 



American Revolutionary War. He studied at 



n and at Trinity Colleges, Oxford, and in 



17.")} entered Parliament. After serving as 



junior of the treasury, as paymaster and as a 



-her of the Privy Council, he became, in 



1767, chancellor of the exchequer and leader of 



House of Commons. It was while he held 



this post that the duty on tea was imposed 



which M> >tnn-d the American colonies. 



In 1770 North became prime minister, but 

 Gcorir- III i Tactically dictated his policies and 

 held him to them even after North himself had 



become convinced that they were ruinous. Al- 

 though he renounced in 1778 his right to tax the 

 colonies, it was not until 1782 that he resigned 

 his office. In his personal character North was 

 all that was estimable, but his subservience to 

 the king prevented his accomplishing anything 

 of note in his country. 



NORTH ADAMS, MASS., a manufacturing 

 city in Berkshire County, in the extreme north- 

 western part of the state. It is situated on the 

 Hoosac River, near the western terminus of the 

 famous Hoosac Tunnel, five miles from the 

 state line of Vermont and ten miles from that 

 of New York. Pittsfield is twenty-three miles 

 south, and Albany, N. Y., is thirty-six miles 

 west. The Boston & Albany and the Boston 

 A Maine railways and electric lines serve the 

 city. The first settlement, made in 1765, was 

 a part of Adams until it was incorporated as a 

 town in 1878. It was chartered as a city in 

 1895, its limits including the villages of Bray- 

 ton, Grey lock, Blackington and Beaver. The 

 population in 1910 was 22,019; it was 22,035 in 

 1915, according to the state census. The area 

 of the city is nearly twenty square miles. 



The city has a picturesque location, at the 

 foot of Greylock Mountain, the highest peak 

 of the state, and in the midst of the Berkshire 

 Hills, famed for their beauty. Hudson Brook 

 is here spanned by a natural bridge, fifty feet 

 above the water. North Adams has a Fed- 

 eral building, a state normal school, Drury 

 Academy and a public library. The leading in- 

 dustrial establishments are cotton, woolen and 

 print mills, boot-and-shoe factories, machine 

 shops and creameries; the trade is chiefly in 

 manufactures and dairy products. This city 

 was one of the iir>t in the I'nitrd States east of 

 the Pacific coast to employ Chinamen. Here, 

 in 1746, Fort Massachusetts was captured by 

 French and Indians under Vaudreuil. F.C. o'c. 



AMERICA. About the year 

 1000, \\ <! geographers were still teach- 



ing that the Aflmtic Ocean was the western 



ik( world, a part of th. 

 which circled its edge, a band of hardy Norse- 



men returned to Iceland from a westwar 



In ir vikings' boat, hnnmnn stories of a 

 ously fair country which liny 

 Vineland the Good. But \plorera 



no more dreamed than did the erring scholars 



