NORTH TONA WANDA 



1278 



NORTHWEST PASSAGE 



granite works, planing mill, stove factory ami a 

 plant for making coal briquetn- art also note- 

 worthy. Tin town has large coal docks, and 

 is an important bunkering port. Population in 

 1911, 5,418; in 1916. estimated, 6.000. 



NORTH TONA WAN 'DA, N. V . a city in 

 Niagara County, on the western border of the 

 state, noted for its lumber and iron interests. 

 It is situated on the Niagara River, at the 

 point where it receives Tonawanda Creek, which 

 Mpvmtcs North Tonawanda from Tonawanda. 

 Buffalo is five miles south by rail. Transporta- 

 tion is provided by the Erie, the Wabash. the 

 Shore, the Lehigh Valley and the New 

 York Central railways and by an electric line. 

 The Erie Canal passes through the city. North 

 Tonawanda has a large output of pig iron and 

 foundry and machine-shop products, and steel 

 and cement building material. It also manu- 

 factures equipment for pleasure resorts, such as 

 steam merry-go-rounds, small railroads, motor 

 boats and automatic organs. The city hall, high 

 school and Carnegie Library are the note- 

 worthy buildings. North Tonawanda received 

 charter in 1897. In 1910 the population 

 was 11,955; in 1916 it was 13,768 (Federal es- 

 timate). The area of the city is nine square 



NORTH VANCOUVER, vankoo'ver, a city 

 in British Columbia, on the north shore of 

 Burrard Inlet, two miles from and directly 

 opposite the city of Vancouver, of which it is 

 a residential and industrial suburb. It is on the 

 Pacific Great Eastern, the new railway which 

 will open a vast territory in the interior of the 

 province. Vancouver and this suburb have a 

 twenty-minute ferry service, and will soon be 

 connected by railway over a bridge to be built 

 at the Second Narrows. Population in 1911, 

 8,196. 



ii Vancouver's principal industrial plants 

 ipyards, but scarcely less important are 

 lumber mills and sash-and-door factories. There 

 a large cold-storage plant, and rock 

 quarries are near by. The central high school, 

 which cost $200,000, the drill hall, erected in 

 1915, Heywood and Mahon parks and the 150- 

 foot boulevard surrounding the city are strik- 

 ing features. The single-tax principle has been 

 adopted for municipal purposes. North Van- 

 couver was founded in 1906, and was incorpo- 

 rated as a city in the same year. 



NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, the larg- 

 est institution of higher learning under the man- 

 agement of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 

 was chartered in 1851 and located in Evanston, 



111., twelve miles north of the center of the 

 city of Chicago, on the shore of Lake Michigan. 

 The charter provided that the university prop- 

 erties were to be free from taxation, that no 

 liquor could be sold within four miles of it, 

 and that a majority of the controlling board 

 must be members of the Methodist Church. 

 About the university grew up the town of 

 Kvanston, so named in honor of Dr. John 

 Evans, the head of the university corporation 



at the time. 



For more than ten years the only department 

 was the college of liberal arts. Since then the 

 college of engineering, the graduate school, the 

 school of oratory and the academy have been 

 added on the beautiful camr3us at Evanston, 

 and not far distant is the school of music. In 

 the Northwestern University Building in the 

 heart of Chicago are the schools of law, den- 

 tistry, pharmacy and commerce. The medical 

 school is located on the south side in Chicago. 

 Affiliated with the university are Garrett Bibli- 

 cal Institute (on the campus) and the Nor- 

 wegian-Danish Theological Seminary and the 

 Swedish Theological Seminary, both in Evans- 

 ton. Two secondary schools are maintained; 

 these are Grand Prairie Seminary at Onarga, 

 111., and Elgin Seminary at Elgin, 111. The 

 Academy at Evanston was abandoned in 1917. 



Notable features of the university are sev- 

 eral fine new dormitories for men, built on 

 the quadrangle plan; one of the best-equipped 

 gymnasium buildings in the world, the gift of 

 James A. Patten; and the Dearborn Astro- 

 nomical Observatory. Included in the library of 

 over 194,000 volumes is the Gary collection of 

 law books, one of the largest of its kind in ex- 

 istence. The student body numbers about 

 5,225. There are over 450 instructors. 



NORTHWEST PASSAGE, the historic name 

 of the passage between the Atlantic and Pa- 

 cific oceans, along the north coast of North 

 America, long sought by navigators in the effort 

 to discover a shorter route to India. When 

 Constantinople came into possession of the 

 Turks in 1453, European merchants were de- 

 prived of their most convenient route to tin- 

 East, and the desire to find a new trading route 

 was for years an incentive to the most daring 

 navigators of Europe. Though the Europeans 

 quickly learned that the new continent dis- 

 covered by Columbus was not India, they firmly 

 believed that by proceeding westward and 

 northward across the continent they would find 

 a passage that would enable them to reach the 

 Pacific and the countries of the East. The 



