NOVA SCOTIA 



4297 



NOVA SCOTIA 



No point within the peninsula is over thirty- 

 five miles from the sea, consequently the riv- 

 ers are short and small, seldom exceeding fifty 

 miles in length. The most important are the 

 Annapolis, flowing to Annapolis Basin, and the 

 Shubenacadie, rising near Halifax and flowing 

 northward into Minas Basin. There are over 

 400 small lakes in the peninsula, the largest 

 being Lake Rossignol in Queens County. Lake 

 Bras d'Or in Cape Breton has an area equal 

 to one-sixth the area of the island. Most of 

 these lakes are surrounded by woodland, and 

 they form a charming feature of the landscape. 



Climate. Nova Scotia has the same latitude 

 as Maine and the northern part of New Hamp- 

 shire, Vermont and New York, but owing to 

 the influence of the ocean it has a milder and 

 more even climate than the northern part 

 of the New England states. The winters are 

 free from severe weather, and the summers 

 from extreme heat, the mean temperature for 

 the winter being 27 F. and for the summer 

 65. The annual rainfall, including snow, is 45.6 

 inches. The regions along the coast are subject 



or T LI. NT: MAP OF NOVA SCOTIA 



Showing boundaries, principal cities, water- 

 wayH. mineral deposits, coal measures, and the 

 highest point of land. 



to heavy fogs. The climate is so healthful and 

 delightful that Nova Scotia has become u fa- 

 vorite summer resort for the residents of Bos- 

 ton, New York and other coast cities of the 

 United States. 



Plants nd Animals. Originally Nova Scotia 

 was covered with forcstS in which hard and 

 soft woods were about equally represented, and 

 these forests are still found in land that has not 

 been cleared for tillage or for lumber. The 

 oak, maple and birch are common among the 

 hard woods, and the hemlock, spruce and tama- 

 rack among the soft woods. Shrubs and wild 

 flowers common to the Eastern Townships of 



Quebec and the Northern New England states 

 are common here. The woods are filled with 

 violets; so abundant is the trailing arbutus, or 

 Mayflower, that it has given to Nova Scotia 

 its motto, ''We Moom amid the snows." In 

 summer the lakes and marshes are covered wit h 

 water lilies that fill the air with fragrance. 

 Moose, rabbits and partridge are found in the 

 less densely populated regions, and occasionally 

 the sportsman may add a wildcat or a bear to 

 his trophies. The lakes and streams abound in 

 fish, and are frequented by fishermen in sum- 

 mer. Fox farming is becoming a paying indus- 

 try. 



Minerals and Mining. The coal fields of 

 Nova Scotia have an area about equal to that 

 of the state of Rhode Island. The coal is the 

 bituminous variety and is of excellent quality. 

 Eleven mines are in operation, five in Cape 

 Breton and six in the peninsula. The output 

 is about 6,000,000 tons a year, nearly two-thirds 

 of which is exported to the United States, the 

 remainder going to the neighboring provinces. 

 Nova Scotia produces more coal than all the 

 other provinces of the Dominion. Iron ore oc- 

 curs in every county but one, but the largest 

 deposits are in the district bordering on the 

 Bay of Fundy and in Cumberland, Colchester, 

 Pictou and Antigonish counties. Gold is found 

 in paying quantities in various places along the 

 Atlantic coast, and it is claimed that the gold 

 fields have an area of 3,000 square miles. The 

 yearly output amounts to about $140,000. Gyp- 

 sum and manganese are found in paying quan- 

 tities, but they are not yet extensively mined. 



Fisheries. The Nova Scotia fisheries an* the 

 most extensive in the Dominion, excepting 

 those in British Columbia. Both bank or in- 

 shore and deep-sea fishing are carried on. The 

 most important catches are cod, lobsters, mack- 

 erel, herring and haddock. Salmon arc taken in 

 paying quantities off shore and in the n 

 The industry gives employment to about 30,000 

 men, and the yearly catch amounts to about 

 $10,000,000. M.t oi the M\ and fish products 

 are exported to Great Britain. Nova Scotia has 

 twelve !i-h hatcheries maintained by the gov- 

 ernment, and the industry receives an annual 

 subsidy of $400,000 from the Dominion. 



Forests and Lumbering. There are over 7,000 

 square miles of forests in the province, and 

 lumbering is one of the important industries. 

 The june has been exhausted. 1m- hem- 



lock, fir and hard woods are still plentiful. Over 

 200,000,000 board feet arc exported yearly to 

 the United States, Great Britain, South America 



