NURSE 



4313 



NUT 



"Nuremberg" wares. Over two hundred fac- 

 tories produce, in addition, lead pencils, chemi- 

 cals and electrical supplies. 



It is this commingling of art, of commerce, 

 of learning, of trade, of religion and of daily 

 life that makes Nuremberg so interesting. Its 

 historic associations are also important; it was 

 an independent imperial town until 1806 and 

 one of the first of the imperial towns to cast 

 its lot for the Reformation. Its inhabitants 

 suffered intensely during the Thirty Years' 

 War, when Gustavus Adolphus was besieged 

 there by Wallenstein. Population, 1910, 333- 

 140. RJ) . M . 



NURSE, a person who cares professionally 

 for the sick, the infirm or for very young chil- 

 dren. In modem usage the term is usually 

 applied to one who has taken a course of study, 

 including practice in the care of the sick, in a 

 hospital training school. The nursing field is 

 occupied almost exclusively by women, male 

 nurses being the exception. Professional trained 

 nurses are found in hospitals, in social settle- 

 ments, in charitable institutions and in private 

 homes. In many localities district nurses are 

 employed to visit the homes of the poor, and a 

 late addition to the force of the public schools 

 is the school nurse, who follows up medical 

 inspection, visits the homes of ailing children 

 and teaches classes in hygiene. Nurses in the 

 employ of the Red Cross Societies (which see) 

 not only go to the field of action in time of 

 war, but they also engage in the fight against 

 preventable diseases, as tuberculosis, in time of 

 peace. Modern trained nursing grew out of the 

 work of Florence Nightingale, heroine of the 

 Crimean War. For a detailed account of the 

 training required of nurses, consult the article 

 HOSPITAL, subhead Training of the Nurse. See, 

 also, NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE. 



NURSERY, nur'seri, in agriculture, a plot 

 of ground devoted to the raising of ornament il 

 and shade trees, fruits trees, vines and shrubs, 

 which are sold for transplanting or grafting 

 (which see). Nurserymen not only keep up 

 - apply of useful plants, but they render 

 valuable service in improving methods of 

 propagation and in studying ways and means 

 of arresting plant diseases. According to the 

 Thirteenth Census, there are in the United 

 States over 5,500 special establishments devoted 

 exclusively to the raising of nursery products; 

 the acreage in these products is over 80,000 and 

 thrir total value is more than $21,000,000. The 

 three leading state* in value of products are 

 New York, California and Texas. 



FOOD VALUE 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following- articles in these volumes : 

 Agriculture Fruit 



Burbank. Luther Horticulture 



Also, to articles suggested in the above refer- 

 ences. 



NUT, a fruit enclosed in a shell of woody 



fiber. The meat of this fruit is as a rule oily 



and exceedingly nutritious and is. pleasant to 



the taste. Of late years increased attention 



has been paid to the food value of nuts. The 



oil is used for 



cooking, and pre- 



pared nut foods 



are numerous. 



The most valu- 



able nuts include 



English walnuts, 



pecans, almonds, 



cocoanuts, hick- 



ory nuts, Brazil 



nuts, hazelnuts 



and chestnuts. In 



the United States 



and Canada the 



nuts having the gSt^ " Is the 



most commercial 



importance are English walnuts, pecans, pea- 



nuts, almonds and chestnuts. California spe- 



cializes in walnuts and almonds. Pecan or- 



chards abound in the Southern states and in 

 Southern California. In the South the acreage 

 devoted to peanuts has been greatly extended 

 within recent years. 



The meat of nuts is particularly rich in sub- 

 stances which promote energy. Fat constitutes 

 the chief ingredient, and the percentage of pro- 

 tein is usually high (see PROTEINS). Some nuts 

 contain nearly fifty times as much fat as wheat 

 flour, and the average fuel value of a large 

 number is over 3,000 calories per pound (see 

 CALORIE). The notion generally prevails that 

 nuts are not easily digested, and there is prob- 

 ably some foundation for the prejudice against 

 them. It must be remembered, however, that 

 tln-y arc often eaten at the end of a substantial 

 meal, when the stomach is already overbur- 

 dened. In some parts of Europe nuts form a 

 considerable part of the regular diet, bread be- 

 ing made from the ground kernels of chestnuts. 



Krlntrtl Subjects. The following- article* 



should be read In connection with this subject: 



Almond Hickory 



Brazil Nut Peanut 



Butternut Pecan 



Chestnut Pistachio 



Cocoanut Walnut 



