OHIO 



4350 



OHIO 



value of pig iron produced (close to $100,000,- 

 000 a year), the ore for which is brought down 

 the Great Lakes. The chief minerals are coal, 

 petroleum, natural gas, clay and salt. With 

 an average production of over 30,000,000 tons 

 of coal a year, Ohio ranks fourth as a coal- 

 producing state, following Pennsylvania, West 

 Virginia and Illinois. The coal fields are situ- 

 ated in the southeastern corner of the state and 

 belong to the Appalachian coal field (see page 

 1444). The coal mined is bituminous (soft 

 coal), and is of excellent quality. Over 8,500,- 

 000 barrels of petroleum are extracted annu- 

 ally, but the production was formerly much 

 larger. Two extensive oil fields are found in 

 this state. One is in the southeastern corner 

 and belongs to the Appalachian oil field, while 

 another one, found in the northwestern part, is 

 known as the Lima oil field. Natural gas, 

 which is found in the oil-field regions, is abun- 

 dant, although the production has of late years 

 greatly decreased. Clay, suitable for making 

 bricks, tile, pottery and earthenware, is found 

 in large quantities in many parts, and serves as 

 raw material for products, the value of which 

 reaches over $35,000,000 a year. 



Quarrying is an important branch of the min- 

 ing industry, and quarries of excellent build- 

 ing stone are found in many parts of the 

 state. One of the best building stones in the 

 country is the Berea sandstone, named after 

 the city where it is quarried. Imposing pub- 

 lic buildings in many large towns have been 

 built of this high-grade stone, which also is 

 extensively used for the making of grind- 

 stones. More grindstones are made in Ohio 

 than in all the other states of the Union com- 

 bined. In the production of salt Ohio ranks 

 third, being surpassed only by New York and 

 Michigan. There are two important salt re- 

 gions in the state, one in Meigs County in the 

 southeastern corner, and another in the north- 

 eastern counties. 



Manufactures. The state ranks fifth among 

 the manufacturing states in the Union, follow- 

 ing New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and 

 Massachusetts. The value of its manufactures 

 is greater than that of agricultural and mining 

 products combined, amounting yearly to about 

 $1,500,000,000. Ohio possesses all the condi- 

 tions favorable to industrial development. It 

 has great natural resources, an abundance of 

 raw material and fuel, excellent water and 

 railroad transportation facilities and an ad- 

 vantageous geographical location. The most 

 important industry of the state is the manu- 



facture of iron and steel, in the production of 

 which it is surpassed only by Pennsylvania 

 The iron ore is brought here by water from the 

 Lake Superior iron region, while a great 

 amount of the coke necessary in the manufac- 

 ture of iron and steel is brought from Pennsyl- 

 vania. From 5,250,000 to nearly 7,000,000 tons 

 of pig iron are produced yearly. Allied to the 

 iron and steel industry is the manufacture of 

 foundry and machine-shop products, the next 

 important industry in the state. The chief 

 centers of the iron and steel manufactures are 

 Cleveland, Youngstown, where the first iron 

 works in the state were established in 1804, 

 Ironton, Mingo and Martin's Ferry. 



Owing to its abundance of clay Ohio ranks 

 first among the states of the Union in the value 

 and variety of its clay products. These in- 

 clude bricks and tiles for every purpose, sewer 

 pipes and pottery. More than eighty-five per 

 cent of the sewer pipes used in the United 

 States are manufactured in the state. The pot- 

 tery industry is located for the most part in 

 the valley of the Ohio River, East Liverpool 

 being the most important pottery center in 

 the country. The finest art ware in the United 

 States is produced at the Rookwood Pottery at 

 Cincinnati. This is greatly prized for its ex- 

 quisite coloring, beautiful decorations and fine 

 glazing. 



Possessing an abundance of limestone and 

 marl, with the clay above mentioned, Ohio is 

 a large producer of Portland cement. 



Slaughtering and meat packing is another 

 important industry, its chief center being Cin- 

 cinnati. Ohio ranks high in the value of its flour 

 and gristmill products; milling is one of the 

 oldest industries of the state. This state ranks 

 second in the manufacture of glass; the finest 

 cut glass in the country is said to be made at 

 Toledo. Ohio ranks first in the manufacture 

 of carriages and wagons, and second in the 

 manufacture of automobiles, both industries 

 being widely distributed throughout the state. 

 Brewing, distilling and the making of wine are 

 important industries in the order mentioned, 

 but these products are decreasing in quantity 

 of output. Other large industries are printing 

 and publishing, the making of men's clothing, 

 the manufacture of boots and shoes, the manu- 

 facture of agricultural implements and tobacco 

 manufactures. Dayton is the largest center in 

 the world for the manufacture of cash registers, 

 while Akron is an important center of rubber 

 goods, especially automobile tires. In both 

 these branches of manufacture the state ranks 



