OHIO 



I:;:, I 



OHIO 



pality. Several Cannes have beta adopted 

 for the protection of the labor of women and 

 children. The state has a workmen's compen- 

 sation act. There are also provisions for wid- 

 owed mother's pensions. 



Capital punishment has not been legal since 

 1912. In civil cases a verdict can be rendered 

 by the jury when three-fourths of its number 

 agree. Eight hours a day and forty-eight hours 

 a week constitute a maximum period of labor 

 on public works. In 1920 for the first time the 

 women of Ohio will vote in Presidential elec- 

 tions. Prohibition was voted in 1917. 



Charitable and Penal Institutions. The state 

 maintains asylums for the insane at Cleveland, 

 Toledo, Massillon, Columbus, Athens, Dayton 

 and Cincinnati. There is a hospital for epilep- 

 tics at Gallipolis; an institution for feeble- 

 minded youths, a school for the blind and an 

 institution for the education of the deaf are 

 located at Columbus. The state maintains a 

 home for soldiers and sailors at Sandusky, and 

 a home for the orphans of sailors and soldiers 

 at Xenia. There is a national home for sol- 

 diers and sailors near Dayton. 



The state penitentiary is at Columbus; a 

 reformatory for males at Mansfield; an indus- 

 trial school for boys near Lancaster; and an 

 industrial home for girls near Delaware. Ohio 

 has adopted a juvenile court law. All sen- 

 tences to the state reformatory and to the 

 state penitentiary are indeterminate. 



Early Settlements. Ohio was discovered by 

 La Salle, in 1670, and the French took formal 

 possession of the whole Northwest in the fol- 

 lowing year. A few years later conflicting 

 claims arose between the French and the Eng- 

 lish regarding this territory. These were finally 

 settled by the Treaty of Paris of 1763, by which 

 France surrendered to Great Britain all its 

 lands as far west as the Mississippi. In 1787 

 the Ohio Company was organized in New Eng- 

 land by soldiers who had served in the War 

 of the Revolution, among whom Manasseh 

 Cutler and Rufus Putnam were conspicuous. 

 This company purchased from the government 

 a large tract of land in the territory northwest 

 of the Ohio River. This was the first public 

 sale of land by the United States government. 

 In connection with its sale, the famous Ordi- 

 nance of 1787 was passed. 



As a Territory. Ohio became now a part of 

 the Northwest Territory. In 1788 Marietta, 

 which is considered the oldest settlement in the 

 state, was founded; in the following year Cin- 

 cinnati was founded. A series of Indian up- 



n>mg> di>iurbed the development of th. 

 ritory, but in 1794 General Anthony Wayne 

 gaiiu-d ;i decisive victory over the Indians 

 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on the Mau- 

 mee River. In the treaty concluded with them 

 in the following year the Indians ceded a great 

 portion of their territory, which pioneers be- 

 gan at once to settle. In 1799 the Territory 

 of Ohio, which included Indiana, was organ- 

 ized, and Chillicothe was made the seat of gov- 

 ernment. In the following year Indiana was 

 separated from it. 



As a State. After Congress passed the en- 

 abling act in 1802 a convention adopted a state 

 constitution. In 1803 Ohio was admitted into 

 the Union, being the fourth state admitted 

 after the original thirteen. The state took an 

 active part in the W T ar of 1812. In 1816 Co- 

 lumbus was made the capital. On account of 

 its geographical situation and its great natural 

 resources, the course of Western immigration 

 set toward the state and built it up rapidly. 

 Although there was a strong sentiment in favor 

 of the Confederate cause, especially in the 

 southern part of the state, Ohio supplied many 

 times its quota of troops to the Federal army 

 during the War of Secession. Many of the 

 leading commanders of the Union army were 

 natives of Ohio. The state has always played 

 a prominent part in national politics. In Presi- 

 dential elections Ohio has always voted Re- 

 publican, except in 1912 and 1916, when Wood- 

 row Wilson, Democrat, obtained the electoral 

 vote. Ohio is the birthplace of six Presidents 

 Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, 

 James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, Wil- 

 liam McKinley and William H. Taft. O.B. 



Other Items of Interest. It is estimated that 

 there are within the state of Ohio almost 

 10,000 mounds left by the Mound Builders. 

 Some of them are small, but others cover hun- 

 dreds of acres. 



The valley of the Hocking River is Ohio's 

 greatest coal area, and "Hocking Valley" coal 

 is known all over the United States. 



On Kelley'.s Island is a great rock which is 

 known as "Inscription Rock." For on it is 

 carved in the picture-writing of the Erie In- 

 dians the story of the conquering of their tribe 

 by the Iroquois. 



The state produces much excellent maple 

 sugar and syrup, outranking all the other states 

 in its yield of the latter product. 



The undulations, or upheavals, of the rocks 

 under the surface of Ohio have been very 

 slight, and its hills and rolling stretches have 



