ONTARIO 



43S6 



ONTARIO 



her of county model schools, &..?ve fc al provincial 

 normal schools, one normal college and a fac- 

 ulty of education in the University ol Toronto. 

 High schools are found in all towns of fair size. 

 The entire system is under the direction of the 

 minister of education, who is a member of tin 1 

 provincial cabinet, and the courses of study 

 and textbooks for the elementary schools are 

 uniform throughout the province. 



The agricultural college at Guelph has at- 

 tained an international reputation and has stu- 

 dents from other Canadian provinces and a 

 number of foreign countries. The elements of 

 agriculture and manual training are taught in 

 the elementary schools. The University of 

 Toronto (which see) is at the head of the 

 school system, and all the higher educational 

 institutions are affiliated with it. A dairy 

 school and a school of mines are located at 

 Kingston. There is a school for the deaf and 

 dumb at Belleville and one for the blind at 

 Brantford, and one for the feeble-minded at 

 Orillia. Besides the University of Toronto, 

 the leading universities and colleges are Queens 

 at Kingston, McMaster at Toronto and West- 

 ern at London. University College, Victoria 

 College and Trinity College are federated arts 

 colleges of the University of Toronto, while 

 Knox, Saint Michael's and Wycliffe colleges are 

 affiliated theological colleges in connection with 

 the same university. 



There are some excellent preparatory schools 

 for. boys, such as Upper Canada (founded 1829) 

 and Saint Andrews at Toronto, Trinity at Port 

 Hope, Ridley at Saint Catharines and the 

 junior schools Hillcroft at Bobcaygeon and 

 Mackenzie at Lakefield. 



Government. There are three general de- 

 partments of government the executive, the 

 legislative and 

 the judicial. The 

 lieutenant - gov- 

 ernor, who is at 

 the head of the 

 executive depart- 

 ment, is ap- 

 pointed by the 

 Governor - Gen- 

 eral of the Do- 

 minion in council 

 for five years and 

 is assisted by a 

 council of eight members, each of whom is a 

 minister and the head of a department. These 

 ministers must be members of the legislature. 

 The leader of the cabinet is the premier of the 



COAT OF ARMS 



province, and he with his ministers is the real 

 executive. The legislature consists of 111 mem- 

 bers elected by the Irgal voters of the counties. 

 The judicial department is vested in a supreme 

 court of judicature, consisting of the high court 

 of justice with divisions of the king's bench. 

 court of cDminon pleas and court of chancery. 

 The supreme court judges are appointed by 

 the Governor-General in council. 



For purposes of local government the prov- 

 ince is divided into counties, townships, towns 

 and cities. An elective council constitutes the 

 governing body in each of these units. In the 

 sparsely-settled regions of the north the dis- 

 trict takes the place of the county, from which 

 it differs in not having a governing council. 



History. After Canada became a British pos- 

 session in 1763, the province of Quebec was 

 organized. The first settlers in Upper Canada 

 were immigrants from the United States who 

 removed to Canada during the Revolutionary 

 War and immediately after its close. In 1791 

 the province of Quebec was divided into Upper 

 Canada, which included Ontario, and Lower 

 Canada, including the territory later known as 

 the province of Quebec. During the War of 

 1812 (which see) a number of battles were 

 fought in the province. In 1841 Upper and 

 Lower Canada were united, following a rebel- 

 lion in 1837 headed by William Lyon Macken- 

 zie, who with his followers demanded that Eng- 

 land give Canada a responsible government. 

 This union continued until 1867, when all the 

 provinces united to form the Dominion of 

 Canada. 



Since Confederation, the history of Ontario 

 has been a record of progress along all lines 

 of industrial and civic life, and since the begin- 

 ning of the present century increasing attention 

 has been given to the development of the vast 

 natural resources in the north. Temperance 

 legislation and women's suffrage have been 

 prominent issues before the legislature. At the 

 outbreak of the War of the Nations Ontario 

 immediately adopted all war measures in sup- 

 port of Great Britain and has maintained them 

 and added to them at every opportunity. Men 

 and money have been freely given without 

 stint or any thought of ever exhausting the 

 supply. Each fund raised exceeded all former 

 efforts, and aid was given to the relief of all 

 the allied nations. As soon as wounded soldiers 

 began to return, hospitals for convalescents 

 were established and vocational training cen- 

 ters for the reeducation of the soldiers were 

 organized on the most approved modern lines. 



