ORANGE 



439.-. 



ORANGE FREE STATE 



widespread of the diseases. Starting at the base 

 of the tree, it creeps upward and causes leaves 

 and branches to die and the bark to peel off. 

 The most effective cure is removing the soil 

 around the crown of the tree. 



Scale insects, the worst of which are known 

 as orange chionaspis, can be controlled by hy- 

 drocyanic acid gas fumigation and by spraying 

 with a kerosene emulsion. Rust mites not only 

 the appearance of the fruit and make it 

 unmarki-table, but also lessen the vigor of the 

 Spraying with sulphur is the best remedy, 

 and almost any insecticide will kill the adult 

 mite. Orange thrips have caused considerable 

 damage in feeding on leaves, buds and fruit. 

 Four applications of lime-sulphur combined 

 with blackleaf tobacco extract, three made in 

 the spring and one in August or -September, 

 should control this pest. No cure is as yet 

 known for blight, a disease which attacks bear- 

 ing trees only and causes the wilting, then the 

 final destruction of the tree. E.D.F. 



Consult Mills's Citrus Fruit Culture, in Califor- 

 nia Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 138 ; 

 Harcourfs Florida Fruits; Colt's Citrus Fruits. 



ORANGE , a color of the solar spectrum, that 

 appearing between the yellow and the red. 

 Orange is a reddish-yellow color and may be 

 produced by mixing a small quantity of red 

 with yellow pigment. The tint varies with the 

 proportion of red used. There are numerous 

 orange dyes having different tints and hues on 

 the market, each bearing its specific name, as 

 cadmium orange, a deep orange shade of cad- 

 mium yellow. Most orange dyes are prepared 

 from coal tar and designated by numbers, as 

 orange I, orange II, etc. See COLOR; LIGHT, 

 subhead The Spectrum. 



ORANGE, N. J., an attractive residential 

 suburb of New York City, situated in the 

 northeastern part of the state and in Essex 

 County, four miles northwest of Newark and 

 twelve miles west of New York City. It has 

 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western and tin 

 Erie railroads, and electric interurban lines 

 wlurh communicate with Newark, Jersey City 

 and other cities and towns. In 1910 the popu- 

 lation was 29,630; in 1916 it was 33,080 (Federal 

 estimate). 



Orange is beautifully located at an 



of from 150 to 200 feet, on the slope of 

 WatrhmiK Mount.. M. | ri-ln.- extending north- 

 east and southwest, and rising to a height of 

 050 feet above n .races 



parts of the townships of East Orange, West 

 Orange and South Orange, all suburbs of New 



York City; combined, they are called the 

 Oranges. They form an admirable residential 

 district, with beautiful parks, elegant homes, 

 abundant shade trees, hedges and gardens, and 

 many miles of good drives. Although the peo- 

 ple of Orange are largely employed in Newark 

 and in New York, its home industries are im- 

 portant. It has extensive manufactures of felt 

 hats, druggists' supplies, lawn mowers, malt 

 liquors and phonographs, about 5,000 people 

 being employed in the various manufacturing 

 plants. Near Llewellyn Park, in West Orange, 

 is the laboratory of Thomas A. Edison. 



Noteworthy buildings are the Metropolitan 

 and Decker buildings, Masonic Temple, Music 

 Hall, Orange Memorial Hospital and the House 

 of the Good Shepherd. In addition to the pub- 

 lic schools there are Set on Hall College (Roman 

 Catholic), for boys, Locke College, for boys, a 

 number of private schools and the Stickler 

 Memorial and public libraries. 



When the first settlement was made here in 

 1666 by a colony from Connecticut, it was a 

 part of Newark and was called Newark Moun- 

 tain. The inhabitants established a church in 

 1718, and the community was known as the 

 Mountain Society. In 1781 this church was 

 known as the Second Church of Newark, and 

 at present it is the First Presbyterian Church 

 of Orange. The place was known as Orange Dale 

 from 1791 until 1806, when it became independ- 

 ent of Newark and was incorporated as a sepa- 

 rate town. South, West and East Orange were 

 established independently in the years 1861, 

 1862 and 1863, respectively. In 1872 Orange 

 received its city charter. G.WJ. 



ORANGE FREE STATE, an inland province 

 in South Africa, since 1909 a member of the 

 Union of South Africa, a confederation of Brit- 

 ish colonies. It has an area of about 50,300 

 square miles, practically that of England, and 

 is a part of an immense plateau, the top of 

 which is nearly a mile above the sea. This sec- 

 tion drains west and north into the Vaal 

 er; to the south of it is the Orange River. 

 The colony is nearly as far south of the equa- 

 tor as the southern part of the United States 

 is north of that line, and the seasons of th< 



ions are reversed. In January, a summer 

 month, the average temperature is 95, and in 

 June it is 40. . On account of the high altitude 

 the climate is bracing ami healthful. 



The country in its natural state was prairie 

 1 m<i e..\. n .1 !-. wild grasses and such small 

 shrubs as the thorny acacia. It and the sur- 

 rounding provinces were occupied by a most 



