OREGON 



4410 



O'RELL 



United State- had unquestionable right to the 

 whole territory of the Northwest, the Demo- 

 crats adopted as their slogan "Fifty-four forty 

 or fight." President Polk in the next year laid 

 claim to the territory, but in 1846 a treaty was 

 signed with England fixing the present north- 

 west boundary of the United States (parallel 

 49) as the northern boundary of the Oregon 

 country. 



Serious Indian attacks required better protec- 

 tion for the st-t tiers; therefore in 1848 Oregon 

 was organized as a territory, including the 

 present states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho 

 and parts of Wyoming and Montana. Oregon 

 was reduced in size in 1853, when Washington 

 was made a territory. 



Statehood. In 1859 Oregon was admitted as 

 a state, with its present boundaries. Indian at- 

 tacks and massacres, begun in 1846, were con- 

 tinued during the War of Secession, and the 

 state volunteers remained at home to suppress 

 these outbreaks. The most serious uprisings 

 were the Modoc War (1864-1873), and the Sho- 

 shoni War (1866-1868). 



Many internal improvements were made by 

 the state before th*e twentieth century. At the 

 time the Cascade Locks were completed, in 

 1896, they were the largest in the world. There 

 has been a close contest between the two great 

 political parties of the state, the Republican 

 generally being the stronger. In 1912, the 

 Democrat, Wilson, received the plurality of 

 votes, but in 1916 the state gave the Repub- 

 lican, Hughes, a plurality. Woman suffrage 

 was adopted in 1912. Amendments made in 

 1914 provided for the abolishing of capital pun- 

 ishment and for prohibition, to go into effect 

 January 1, 1916. A Sunday closing law was 

 strongly enforced in 1916, only undertaking es- 

 tablishments, hotels and bakeries being allowed 

 to open on the Sabbath. E.B.P. 



Other Items of Interest. In the northwestern 

 part of Oregon there is a strange lake a "soap 

 lake" the inhabitants call it. If the water be 

 violently stirred or beaten with a stick, it forms 

 a thick suds, and when rubbed between the 

 hands it has a soapy feel. Animals refuse to 

 drink the water. 



During the rainy season the coast region of 

 Oregon has such an excess of moisture that the 

 state bears the humorous nickname of the 

 "web-footed state." 



One of the deepest lakes in the United States, 

 if not the very deepest, is Crater Lake, in 

 Klamath County. The cliffs that rise about it 

 are so lofty and so steep that the water can be 



reached only at one point, and the lake itself 

 is in some places about 2,000 feet deep. 



The Japan Current has a noticeable effect, 

 in tempering the winter climate of Western 

 Oregon. 



The name Oregon is of Indian origin, and 

 means "River of the West." 



Consult Putnam's In the Oregon Country; 

 Johnson's Short History of Oregon. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes contain much that will be found 

 helpful and interesting in connection with a study 

 of Oregon : 



CITIES 



Astoria Portland 



Eugene Salem 



Medford 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Apple 

 Fish 

 Hay 

 Hops 



Cascade Range 

 Coast Range 



Columbia 

 Snake 



Lumber 

 Pear 

 Salmon 

 Wheat 



MOUNTAINS 



Hood, Mount 



RIVERS 



Willamette 



OREGON, UNIVERSITY OF, a state institution 

 founded at Eugene in 1872, comprising the 

 final unit in the public school system of Ore- 

 gon. The university is under the control of a 

 board of regents of thirteen members, three of 

 whom, the governor, the secretary of state and 

 the superintendent of public instruction, are 

 members of the state board of education. The 

 university was opened in 1876 and is now or- 

 ganized into schools of literature, science and 

 arts, commerce, education, law, journalism, 

 music, architecture and fine arts, medicine, and 

 a graduate school. The schools of law and of 

 medicine are located at Portland. The univer- 

 sity library contains about 66,000 volumes. 

 There are about 140 instructors, and the student 

 body numbers over 1,875. 



O'RELL, MAX (1848-1903), the pen name of 

 a French writer, PAUL BLOUET. He had a va- 

 ried experience in the Franco-German War, as 

 newspaper correspondent in England and as a 

 school teacher before he began to write the 

 books that made him known to the public. 

 Journeys in the United States and in England 

 gave him material for some of his books, such 

 as John Bull and His Island, Jonathan and His 

 Continent, English Pharisees and French Croco- 

 diles and John Bull and Co. These were first 

 published in French, and were translated into 

 English by his wife. His style is bright, humor- 



