OSNABRUCK 



4421 



OSSOLI 



the same pressure within and without the tube. 

 Sometimes, if the apparatus is large enough, 

 so much water will push its way into the tube 

 as to raise the level of the tube liquid twenty 

 or thirty feet. This pressure of the water 

 which is often many pounds to the square inch, 

 is called osmotic pressure. It is governed by 

 the same laws as those of gas pressure; that is, 

 it depends on the concentration, and tempera- 

 ture of the two solutions. 



Food absorbed by the blood through the thin 

 walls of the blood vessels and sap absorbed by 

 the cells of plants are examples of the same 

 phenomenon as the experiment with the sugar 

 solution. 



Consult FIndlay's Osmotic Pressure; Morse's 

 Osmotic Pressure of Aqueous Solutions. 



OSNABRUCK, os nah bruck' , sometimes 

 called OSNABURG, the name given to the coarse 

 linens manufactured in the place, is a town in 

 Hanover, a province of Prussia. Osnabriick is 

 the capital of the district of Osnabriick, and 

 is situated in the fertile valley of the Hase, 

 about seventy miles southwest of the city of 

 Hanover. The town has important iron and 

 steel works, and there are manufactures of 

 railway equipment, agricultural machinery, 

 paper, leather, chemicals and other commodi- 

 ; it was formerly an important center for 

 tin manufacture of linen. Stone quarries and 

 coal deposits are found in the vicinity. Among 

 Osnabriick's interesting buildings are its great 

 Roman Catholic cathedral, rich in relics, and its 

 town hall, built in 1486, containing portraits of 

 all the officials who signed here in 1648 the 

 Peace of Westphalia, which closed the Thirty 

 ;s' War. The city, which dates from 772, 

 was almost destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, 

 but recovered its power again in the eighteenth 

 century. Population in 1910, 65,957. 



OSPREY, os' pro. See FISH HAWK. 



OSSINING, os' i rung, N. Y., a village in 

 Westchester County, thirty miles north of New 

 York City, of which it is a residential suburb. 

 It occupies an elevated site along Tappan Bay, 

 <>n the east side of the Hudson River. Promi- 

 nent features of the place are Sing Slim > 

 Prison (one of the best known in the Unit., I 

 States), south of the village, two military 

 academies, a private w\\\ i"t miN. th, Ro- 

 man Catholic Foreign Missionary Seminary of 



'KM. til. I blllldlll.- :' Kir 



Library and the Croton Aquedix are 



t Manufactories of i: wire, pills, porous 



plasters and other products. Ossining was fet- 



tled about 1700, and until 1901 was known by 

 the name of its prison, Sing Sing, a name de- 

 rived from that of the Sin Sincks Indians. The 

 population in 1910 was 11,480; it was 13,705 

 (Federal estimate) in 1916. The name was 

 changed on petition of the citizens, who pre- 

 ferred not to have their attractive village so 

 closely identified with the notorious prison so 

 close to their doors. H.A.C. 



OSSOLI, ohs'sole, SARAH MARGARET FULLER. 

 Marchioness (1810-1850), an American writer, 

 born at Cambridgeport, Mass. Her father, am- 

 bitious for her, forced her education, and the 

 strain injured her health, in spite of her unusual 

 ability. She was early noted for brilliancy, ec- 

 centricity and violent passions. After her 

 father's death she supported the family by 

 teaching languages in Boston, part of the time 

 in Bronson Alcott's private school, and by act- 

 ing as principal of a private school at Provi- 

 dence, R. I. Her sparkling and learned con- 

 versation made her conspicuous among the 

 Transcendentalists (see TRANSCENDENTALISM), 

 and she became the editor of their paper, The 

 Dial. She occasionally visited Brook Farm, 

 but like Emerson realized that the experiment 

 was sure to fail, and did not join it. 



About 1840 she published some translations 

 from the German, and soon after brought out 

 her first original volume, Summer on the Lakes, 

 describing a trip to Lake Superior. The most 

 productive part of her literary life was in the 

 years 1844-1846, during which she lived in 

 New York and wrote brilliant essays on art 

 and literature for the Tribune. She also wrote 

 Woman in the Nineteenth Century. In 1846 

 she went to Europe, met many famous people, 

 and married the Marquis d'Ossoli in Rome. 

 During the Italian revolution of 1848 she served 

 in the Roman hospitals, and when the city fell 

 before the French she fled with her husband 

 and infant son to the mountains, thence to 

 Florence, and a little later sailed for America. 

 On July 16, 1850, the entire family was drown. 1 

 in a storm off Fire Island Beach, near New 

 York, and with her was lost the manuscript of 

 her history of the Italian revolution. The work 

 she left does not fully explain the high position 

 she held during her life, for much of this de- 

 pended on her conversational powers, her learn- 

 ing and her in.iunrti-iu \\li.n inspired by an 

 audience. Emerson. A loot t and Hawthorne were 

 among her noted friends. 



Consult Goddard'a Studies in Xcw England 

 xcendcntatism ; Macphall's Ettni/a In Puri- 

 tanism. 



