OTTOMAN EMPIRE 



4431 



OUTRAM 



was a well-intentioned man, but too weak to 

 rule in so troubled a time. See, also, GREECE, 

 subtitle History. 

 OTTOMAN, of oman, EMPIRE. See TUR- 



KKV. 



OTTUMWA, otum'wa, IOWA, the county 

 seat of Wapello County and an important 

 manufacturing and distributing point in South- 

 is situated on the Des Moines 

 miles southeast of Des Mo; 

 :tal. seventy-five miles east and 

 h of Burlington and seventy-five miles 

 of Keokuk, by rail. Ottumwa is the 

 junction of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 

 the Chicago, Minneapolis & Saint Paul, the 

 ago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Wabash 

 railroads. The place was settled in 1849, was 

 incorporated as a city in 1851, and since 1913 

 has been governed on the commission plan. 

 Ottumwa is an Indian name and means jailing 

 water. The population was 22,012 in 1910; it 

 was 24,334 (Fed. ral >timatc) in 1916. Only 

 five per cent of the inhabitants are of foreign 

 birth. The area of the city is seven square 



Ottumwa is located in the heart of the bi- 

 tuminous coal fields of the state; more than 

 half of all th< coal produced in Iowa is mined 

 within forty miles of the city. It is also sur- 

 rounded by a fine agricultural and stock-raising 

 di.-trict, producing in abundance, grain, fruit, 

 garden truck, poultry and dairy supplies. Sev- 

 eral thousand men are employed in the various 

 manufacturing plants, engaged chiefly in mak- 

 ing farm implements and all kinds of foundry. 

 machine-shop and lumber products, the annual 

 output being estimated at $21,000,000. The 

 city has grain elevators and one of the In 

 independent meat-packing houses west of the 

 i-vsippi River. Noteworthy features an- the 

 $235,000 United States government buildmu. a 

 $300,000 hotel, the courthouse, V. M. C. A. 

 and Y. W. C. A. buildings tin- union station 

 and tin- city ho-pital. (Mtumwa -two 



hi inches, Saint Joseph's Academy, a Cam 

 Library with 32,000 volumes and two con* 



of music. w. 



OUACHITA, uvwfc' i taw, RIVER. " See 



OUIDA, we 'dak. Sec RAMKE, LOUISE DE LA. 

 OUNCE, ouns, a common unit < mpl< 



t" a pound 



480 grains, Troy weight, and one-sixteenth of 



a pound, or 437% grain- ,'ht 



As g are the M fur- 



the basis for computations involving 



ferent systems of weights. In the United States 

 the apothecaries' ounce is the Troy ounce; in 

 Great Britain, the avoirdupois. In the United 

 States, the fluid ounce is one-twelfth of a wine 

 pint and in Great Britain one-twelfth of an im- 

 perial pint. The name is derived from the 

 Latin uncia, meaning twelfth part of any mag- 

 nitude. See DENOMINATE NUMBERS; WEIGHTS 

 AND MEASI 



OUNCE, a name given to the beautiful snow 

 leopard, whose home is far up in the cold 

 mountain regions of Central Asia. Its rough, 

 heavy hair is nearly white, with slightly marked, 

 large spots; with this protective coloration it 

 .can steal unnoticed over the snow and suddenly 

 seize its prey. In its native rocky home, the 

 ounce feeds chiefly on goats, sheep or other 

 animals, but seldom attacks man. Its tail is 

 long and bushy, while the unusually warm coat 

 of fur protects it from cold which others of the 

 cat family could not endure. If the animal is 

 taken away from the snowy regions into more 

 temperate zones, the fur soon turns darker. 

 See LEOPARD. 



OUTCAULT, out'kawlt. RICHARD FELTON 

 (1863- ), a cartoonist, famous as the creator 

 of the characters "Buster Brown" and the "Yel- 

 low Kid," so popular with little boys and pirls. 

 He was born at Lancaster, O.. ami received his 

 education at Cincinnati. He >tarted his career 

 as a comic artist in 1895, and since then his 

 Bustrr Brown, The Busy Body, Bn*ttr Brown 

 in Foreign Land*, Butter Brown and His Pt fx. 

 Buxtcr and the Only Mary Jnnt, and his 

 Yellow Kid, as well as Pore Lit' Mns, and the 

 Hogan'it Alley series, have been a distin. 

 feature of Sunday supplements of leading i 

 papers. All his creations have been drama- 

 tized and published in book form. 



OUTRAM, oo'tram, SIR JAMES (1803-1863), 

 an KnL r l;>h >oldier and statesman, known by 

 si of the part which he played in the his- 

 tory of Hntish India as the "Bayard of In \ 

 He was born in Derbyshire and \\vnt to India 

 in 1819 in th. f the East India Com- 



pany. In reiKMU conflicts with the natives and 

 in the Afghan War of 1839'he did good ser 

 and in ls.">7 joined the expedition against !' r- 

 sia. 



M during the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, 

 howe%er. that he chiefly distinguished hit; 



"inmand of the relief forces sent 

 i icknow. he refused to t 



II . , lock, whom h. accompanied u ofa 

 miasioncr of Oudh; and he had n luge part m 

 rious campaign against the insurgents. 



