PADDLEFISH 



4443 



PADUA 



ing scale. The Black Stream of Japan corre- 

 sponds to the Gulf Stream. In the South Pa- 

 cific the Humboldt Current, which flows north- 

 ward along the west coast of South America, 

 corresponds in a general way to the Benguela 

 Current of West Africa. The area of the trade 

 winds is less clearly defined than in the Atlan- 

 tic. The northeast trade wind remains through- 

 out the year within the northern hemisphere, 

 but the southeast trade wind advances beyond 

 the equator. In the China Sea typhoons are 

 frequent. 



The American shore line is fairly regular, 

 being broken by only one considerable gulf 

 that of California. On the west, it is much 

 more uneven, being broken by such gulfs as 

 the China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea 

 of Okhotsk, etc. Balboa discovered the Pacific 

 in 1513. Magellan was the first European to 

 sail across it (1520-1521). He was followed by 

 such adventurers as Drake, Tasman, Bering, 

 Anson, Cook and Vancouver. For comparisons 

 of the oceans, see the article OCEAN. 



Related Siiltjrctn. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 



Atoll Ocean 



Balboa, Vasco Nunez de Trade Winds 

 Magellan, Ferdinand Typhoon 



PADDLEFISH, pad"lfish, a family of fish con- 

 sisting of two species, found in the fresh waters 

 of China and of the United States. The Ameri- 

 can paddlefish inhabits the streams of the Mis- 

 sissippi Valley between Texas and Louisiana on 

 the south and Minnesota and Wisconsin on the 

 north. It is of unusual size, an average speci- 

 men being three feet long and weighing thirty 

 pounds; those weighing up to 160 pounds are 

 sometimes caught. The smooth, greenish skin 

 of the paddlefish is lacking in scales, and its 

 snout is expanded into a long, paddlclike blade. 

 With this blade it stirs up the mud at the bot- 

 tom of streams in search of food. Its flesh is 

 sometimes smoked and sold as sturgeon, for it 

 has a flavor resembling that of sturgeon fli-li. 

 It is the roe of the padllr!i>h. rather ih:m its 

 flesh, howrvrr. that gives it its chief value, for 

 from the eggs is made a good quality of caviar. 

 Paddlefish have much the same habits as cat- 

 fish (which see) and are sometimes called 

 spoonbill cats. 



PADEREWSKI, pah <l, h rtj'skc, IGNACE JAN 

 (1860- ), a pianist and composer, bora in 

 Podolia, Poland. After becoming world famous 

 in his art, he abandoned music, at least tem- 

 porarily, in his old age to help his suffering 

 country erect a republican form of government 



IGNACE JAN 

 PADEREWSKI 



in the new Poland, which was given its inde- 

 pendence after the War of the Nations. In the 

 provisional government he became Premier in 

 1918. To the music loving public, however, 

 he will be best re- 

 membered as a 

 master pianist. 

 He studied at 

 Warsaw and Ber- 

 lin, and at length 

 became an ad- 

 vanced pupil un- 

 der the famous 

 Leschetizky, a t 

 Vienna. He was 

 but eighteen years 

 old when appoint- 

 ed professor of 

 music at Warsaw 

 Conservatory and 

 not quite twenty-four when given a similar posi- 

 tion in the Conservatory of Strassburg. 



In 1887 he began his career as a solo pianist 

 and three years later aroused such enthusiasm 

 in London that his audiences often had to be 

 quieted by the officials of the theaters. Dur- 

 ing the next year he won similar success in 

 America and since then has been considered 

 possibly the greatest of living pianists. In 1895- 

 1896 he made a three-month tour in the United 

 States by which he earned about $200,000. In 

 1899 he married Baroness de Rosen, and after- 

 wards spent much of his time on the 'great Pol- 

 ish estate which the large fortune gained from 

 his concert tours enabled him to buy. After 

 1901 he appeared in public concerts but seldom, 

 and then generally confined his playing to his 

 own compositions. Among the best of these are 

 the short compositions, A Love Song and Night 

 Song. In 1902 his opera Manru was produced 

 at the Metropolitan Opera House in New 

 York, he himself conducting. It was very fa- 

 vorably received, but aroused no great enthu- 

 siasm among the critics. After the devastation 

 of Poland, in 1915, in the War of the Nations, 

 Paderewski and his wife, by concerts and per- 

 sonal pleas, raised large sums of money in 

 America for the relief of the stricken peasants. 



PAD'UA, the oldest city of Northern Italy, 

 and capital of the province of Padun, is situ- 

 ated on the Bacchiglionc River, twenty-two 

 miles southwest of Venice. Probably no place 

 in all Italy has more points of interest. It is 

 a city of seven gates, and has narrow, crooked 

 streets, many of them lined with arcades; sev- 

 eral high Roman bridges cross the various arms 



