PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION 



4475 



PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS 



.States militai. ion, and on tli- 



Fort Mason. A more desirable site for a great 



exposition can scarcely be conceived. 



The work of planning the grounds and build- 

 ings was delegated to a board of architects, with 

 Jules Guerin as colorist. The plan finally de- 

 cided upon was radically different from the 

 plans of the earlier expositions at Chicago and 

 Saint Louis. In those plans the buildings were 

 the chief units for consideration; in the San 

 Francisco plan the courts around which the 

 built: be grouped were of primary 



importance. The design for each court 



fully worked out. then the building was de- 

 <- icned to harmonizv with the court around 

 which it was to be erected. In the center wa- 

 the Court of the Universe, with a sunken gar- 

 den which had a seating capacity of 7,000. To 

 was the Court of Abundance, with its 

 ornamentation representing Oriental art and 

 architecture; to the west was the Court of tin- 

 Four Seasons, which typified Western civiliza- 

 tion. 



The bmldinus were covered with artificial trav- 

 ertine, which gave them the color of old ivory. 

 This nem-ral -on ton.- wa.- varied with reds, 

 greens, blues and other colors, producing a color 

 effec- harmonious and brilliant. The 



crowning feature of the architectural -cheme 

 :he Tower of -l-w. U. 433 feet high and 

 1 with 125,000 glass pri-m- of all col- 



-o mount, d that they \\er- 



in motion by the iainte-t cm rent of air. In 



the .-unlight they x-intillated like myriad- <>i 



k and when lighted at night the effect wa- 



-till moie wonderful. The sculpture adorning 



the building.- and grounds was of the hmln -i 



and constituted an important feature of 



the decoration-. Of the larger piece.-, the group 



o the Court of Abundant . 

 -mini: ih nation- of ih<- Ka-t. and that 

 MM "f the Court of the Four Sea- 

 sons, representing the nations of the West, will 

 be long remembered by those who saw them 

 The /;// o/ / | ,,tnr- 



I.' \I U \i ll. U 



ii l.ungi: !ly uorthy of uu n- 



iion .iinoiiu th -nr. 



The \po-ltlon pell lloni l-< bl'Uaiy JU 



li -tat.-- and 



tlrn-i t'int< a-id ihiM\-nine foreign nations 



;..- \lnbit were essentially 

 inml> nothing was listed for nv. 



had not ! the 



r 60.000. and 



trary to the usual outcome of such enteri 

 the exposition was a financial MIC- 



PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS, or CONFER- 

 ENCE, a term applied to a gathering of dele- 

 gates from the various republics of North and 

 South America, for the purpose of establi.-hing 

 better trade relations and promoting friendly 

 feeling. In general such conferences have been 

 concerned with problems relating to an easier in- 

 terchange of goods, uniform weights and i 

 ures, a common silver coin, a cu>tom< union, 

 arbitration and sanitary regulations. Hitherto 

 the sole practical result of such conferences has 

 been the establishment of the International Bu- 

 reau of American Republics, now known as tin- 

 Pan-American Union. This Bureau was e- 

 lished at the first conference, called to mo 

 Washington, D.C., in 1889, by President CI 

 land. 



The Congress of 1901-1902. The second con- 

 m< t in the City of Mexico on October 22. 

 1901. Among the specific suggestions made was 

 that there should be a railroad const 

 connect North and South America. A uniform 

 in of quarantine was favored, also tin- 

 adoption of a coin to be accepted as legal ten- 

 del by all American republics. A plan for ar- 

 bitration patterned after that of the Peace Con- 

 ference at The Hague wa< adoj 



The Congress of 1906. The third conference 

 ;:ibled at Rio de Janeiro. The di-cu-.-ion of 

 the Drago. or Calvo. Doc-trine was one of tin 

 mo-t important matter.- that came before the 

 body. This doctrine d 111. .- the right of gov- 

 ernment to collect private debts by force. It 

 was finally referred to The li >t|nr top- 



ic- which wen- diseu. ed w.-re the Pan-Ameri- 

 can railway, the regulation of patent-, -amta- 

 tion. the codification of law- and commercial 

 relation-' 



The Congress of 1910. The fourth congress 

 opened in Buenos Aires in July. It avoided 

 committing itself in support of the Monroe 

 Doctrine. Considerable difference of opinion de- 



\ eloped in the committc< <>n sanitation. V 

 i- to the propusd -upporte.i 

 I he rmt. - that the condition 



o! depattUle -hoillil be Mich a- In -all-!\ the 



nati- nu -hipmeni- that I he\ 



menaced ' or mt< < nou diseuixxi. 



A resolution was* offei. .. ndmg 



the members of the congress agree to submit to 

 imi for damages presented 

 |.\ then P -] i /en.- which c.timiii 



-ted by oidmaiv di; 



national Bureau of !>ub- 



