PAPAL STATES 



117'.. 



PAPER 



bur signified the actors. To mimic by action 

 element in dramatic repp-nit a- 

 tion, other elements being narrative, music, 

 dancing, etc.; one way of classifying dramatic 

 performanci - i- the relative importance of these 

 In an opera, singing, music and danc- 

 ing ,i d.bur there i- little narrative. In 

 Mtomime wa- tlie name of a cla-- 

 whicli mimicking by ce-ture 

 he important element. 



.not be Told where pantomii. 

 employed; it reached very differ, in 



lopment at different times and places. In 

 the first age of the Roman Kmpire it was YTV 

 popular: no narrative was employed, the play 

 bring KCted OUi by m-ture and dancing, ac- 

 companied by music, the actor- wearing ma-k-. 

 The mimicry WU 80 -kilful that the -torv mu 

 well understood by the audience. In panto- 

 mime so much in vogue in Kngiand during the 

 'h century and later, the actors al- 

 e.l conventional characters and 

 names. There wa- always a hnrli'qniti or clown; 

 an amiable but stupid father, raiitnlooii ; a 

 -prightly daughter, ('oliunh/m .and -o on. The 

 perform;.: the vaudeville order, inter- 



spersed with music, dam-inn and acrobat ic [( 

 The -iibiect-matter of the play was some folk- 

 lore stnry like Jur!-. ih, f,'iiinf A' /'//,/-. To-day. 



A holly to a -hor: 



play in which there i.- no -poken word. The 

 moving-pictu!' lirown on the Driven are 



good representation* of ]>automime. 



PAPAL, pa'iml. STATES, or STATES OF 



THE CHURCH, a dominion of several prov- 



- and citie-. including Rome, in the central 



part of Italy, which from 7.V. to 1S71 wa- di- 



lertly under the rule of the Pope of Home. 

 I'll. powi I" of the Pope" 1- thu- 



plained and its permd m history -fixed. A part 







ben II bv Pepin the Short of l-Yance. who 

 wrested it from the warring Lombard-, ('hail. - 



iccessor, confirmed and 



larged 'i M turn crowned in 



OH by Pope 

 the -upport of the ( 'hurch 

 in his car 



Tin- inti ich.iny, of mthoir | very 



well during the h\ ' 1 1. m.miie and 



but led to endless strife between ih. Pope.- .m.i 

 kings of latrt 

 tion. the |,..litic:d power of I , dl\ 



ileclmed. in. I 111 L Sli(l the P.-.p., 1 ~ uitl, 



the . 'bout 



nuel, 



King of Italy. Ten yea is later Victor Em- 

 manuel entered Rome and asked the citizens to 

 deride by popular vote whether or not the city 

 should become the capital of a united Italy. 

 By a large majority the Pope's rule was 

 jected. and his temporal authority ha- since 

 been limited to the Vatican See ROM\\ 

 C.vniour Cm RCH. 



PAPAW, pa pair' . or pair' pair, a form 

 the word P \\vp\\v (which -ee). 



PAPER. Kvery country lad has had - 

 periences with wmpt and hornets, but b. 

 have probably never looked upon these trouble- 

 -ome insects as the first paper makers. How- 

 ever. ; t careful examination of a \\a-p'- ne-t will 

 convince one of this fact, and it i- -aid that 

 the study of one of these ne-=t- tir-t .-ugge-- 

 the possibility of the u-e of wood for making 

 paper. Paper i- -o common m even- ho 



hold that We -eldoill coll-ldel it- \;dlie. yet 



what would we do without it'.' If we were de- 

 prived of paper the printing industry could not 

 continue; we would have no mor> 

 books or magazines, and >ome other -ub-titute 

 would have to be found for wrapping for par- 

 '!-. 



Paper, which ha- become one of the world'- 

 nut useful commodities, i- the result of , 

 tune- of -tudy. experiment and invention. It 

 ha- alwav.- be.-n .(--ociated with man's intel- 

 lectual development, and it- invention i- due 



to repeated attempt- to produce a .-ulxtance on 

 which man's thoughts and achiex ements coul<l 



be recorded. The first of these attempt- 



which there i- any record wa- that of the an- 

 cient Kgyptian.-. who prepared from the -tern- 

 of the papyru- plant a tissm on which the\ 

 recorded the dee.l- of their ruler- and oth.i 

 royal per-. .11,11:.- Manx of the-e alien IH 

 ord-. called fnifH,,-'. lia\e been found in Miiyi>- 

 iian tombs. 



The('hine-e manufactured paper at ! 

 centiirie- birth of Chri-i. and passed 



oil their -eciel in the . \tab-. who Illtrcxhlced 

 the art into Spain m the middle of the twelfth 



century. Tin- eaHv pap< i i- referred t<> b\ 



writer- of the pennd M cloth parchment, now 

 known a- . / I half of the 



I.Mllteelilli century the U-e Ol 



purposes had become ^n. v,l 



rope, and vellum wa* gradually driven out. ! 



est preserved English manu-cript bears th, 

 date of 1300, but paper was not 



nil the i-lalld until the iM'gmnillg of the 



tee ml i centurx In / i mill waa set up 



lna m 10W. but a good m 



