PARIS 



4500 



PARIS 



PARIS, pair' '"' I-amar 



.d a railroad center, in the northeast - 

 :i of the state. It is near the Okla- 

 homa state line, about ninety-five miles north- 

 east of Dallas. The Texas & Pacific, the T. 



and, the Saint Louis & San Francisco, the 



Gulf. Colorado A Santa Fe and the Paris & 



nt Pleasant railroads meet here, and the 



-rributing point for a region which 



produces large quantities of cotton, fruits, vege- 



vn. oats and alfalfa. The industrial 



ta include cottonseed-oil mills, a 



ton compress, cotton gins, and box, 



handle, crate and canning factories. Paris has 



a Federal building, a granite county courthouse, 



three hospitaN. a V. M. C. A. building, and a 



park and summer resort in the eastern suburbs. 



The city has one of the first municipally-owned 



abattoirs erected in the United States. The 



place was settled in 1841. In 1916 it was swept 



by fire, the damage to property being estimated 



at almost $2,000.000. In 1910 the population 



11.269; in 1916 it was 12,469. The area is 



four and one-half square miles. 



PARIS, TREATIES OF, several treaties signed 



ri. bi-tween 1763 and 1898. 

 Treaty of 1763. This treaty was signed on 

 February 10, bringing to a close the Seven 

 :>' War in Europe (see SEVEN YEARS' WAR). 

 >rding to its terms France gave up Canada, 

 Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton to the 

 Engli>h. retaining only two small islands for 

 drying fish. All French territory east of the 

 Mississippi River, except New Orleans and its 

 1 -ite, was also ceded to Great Britain, and 

 nation received a clear title to the posses- 

 sion Scotia. France likewise resigned 

 i ml its political supremacy in India. 

 i ceded Florida to England, but to com- 

 pensate the former country, France gave to 

 Spain New Orlean-. and all of Louisiana west 

 of the Mississippi. The colonial empire of 

 France \\a.< greatly weakened by this treaty, 

 and England became the dominant power in 

 North America and India, as well as ruler of 

 the seas. 



Treaty of 1783. This treaty closed the 

 American Revolution and established peace be- 

 tween Great Britain and its former colonies 

 along the Atlantic coa-t. The Tinted States 

 was officially recognized as an independent na- 

 tion for the first time. The tn-.-ity was signed 

 on September 3, Franklin. Jay and Adam- n p- 

 resenting the United States. It -ecu red to the 

 new nation the country west to the Mississippi 

 Kivcr, measuring from a point west of the I 



of the Woods to 31 north latitude. The bound- 

 ary then ran irregularly east to the Atlantic. 

 The forty-fifth parallel was to be the northern 

 limit. The United States retained its fishing 

 rights in Newfoundland as well as the exclusive 

 right to fish on its own seacoast. Congress 

 agreed to restore the estates confiscated during 

 the war from British loyalists, and to abandon 

 further prosecutions against them. 



Treaty of 1814, signed on May 30. after the 

 first abdication of Napoleon in April. The 

 treaty restored to France most of its colonie-. 

 but French conquests were relinquished. Eng- 

 land kept Ceylon, the Cape of Good Hope and 

 part of Guiana, which had been wrested from 

 Holland. France gained a small amount of land 

 on its northern and eastern frontiers. Holland 

 was returned to the possession of the Hou.-e 

 of Orange, Switzerland was recogni/ed as inde- 

 pendent, and Germany and Italy as consisting 

 of independent states. 



Treaty of 1815, signed on November 20. a Per 

 Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo. France 

 lost the slight territories on its frontiers gained 

 under the former treaty, and was ordered to 

 pay indemnities amounting to about $200,000.- 

 000. The French also had to submit to the oc- 

 cupation of the frontier provinces by an allied 

 army, as security for payment of these indem- 

 nities. 



Treaty of 1856, concluded on March 30, 1856. 

 at the close of the Crimean War (see subhead 

 under CRIMEA). By the terms of the treaty 

 the Black Sea was to be open to the merchant 

 vessels of every nation, but forever closed to 

 warships, including those of Russia and Tur- 

 key. The Danube River was declared to be 

 open to free navigation and was placed under 

 the control of an international commission. 

 The powers agreed to recognize the independ- 

 ence and integrity of Turkey, and Russia was 

 forced to renounce its protectorate over Molda- 

 via and Wallachia. 



Treaty of 1898. This treaty brought to a 

 close the Spanish-American War (which see). 

 Spain evacuated Cuba, and ceded to the rnited 

 States Porto Rico, Guam and the Philippine 

 Islands, and the United States paid Snain $20,- 

 000,000. 



PARIS, UNIVERSITY OF, an institution which 

 dates from the twelfth century, and is thus one 

 of the oldest schools in the world. Paris at 

 that time was a great center of learning, and the 

 I'niversity represents the outgrowth of several 

 .-chools of the period. The history of this in- 

 stitution, like that of Paris itself, is one of revo- 



