PASSOVER 



4822 



PASTEUR 



ANTON LANG 

 The Christus of the Passion 

 Play of 1910. 



of the type of mystery plays that were popular 

 in Northern France, Italy. Knpland and Ger- 

 many in the Middle Ages, and subsequently 

 repressed; it is the outcome of a vow made by 

 the villagers in 1633 to commemorate the 

 passion of Christ, 

 in gratitude for 

 their deliverance 



from a plague tM _ ^JHIB//':// 

 then raging in 

 the vicinity. This 

 vow has been 

 kept and the per- 

 formance has 

 regularly taken 

 place, attracting 

 thousands of visi- 

 tors from all parts 

 of the world. 



The play has 

 dramatic and artistic merits. At each perform- 

 ance about 600 persons, all residents of the vil- 

 lage of Oberammergau, take part, making the 

 play very impressive. The next performance is 

 scheduled to be given in 1920. 



Consult Diemer's Oberammergau and Its Pas- 

 sion Play ; Stead's The Passion Play. 



PASS 'OVER, a feast held in Jewish families 

 at the time of the first full moon of spring, on 

 the fourteenth day of Nisan, the first month of 

 the sacred year. It commemorates the sparing 

 of the Hebrews on the eve of the Exodus from 

 Egypt, when God smote the first-bora in every 

 Egyptian home but passed over the Israelite 

 houses, whose doors had been marked by the 

 blood of a lamb. It is celebrated by the eating 

 of a lamb, killed with priestly rites, with un- 

 leavened bread. At the beginning of the feast, 

 the eldest son begins the ceremony by rever- 

 ently asking its meaning, and the father relates 

 the story of the first passover. The feast ends 

 with the singing of psalms. In the Christian 

 Church, the passover is replaced by the Lord's 

 Supper (Lul:i- XXII, 17-21), and Jesus is re- 

 garded as the sacrifice foreshadowed by the 

 paschal lamb. Paul writes, "For our passover 

 also hath been sacrificed, even Christ" (7 Cor- 

 inthians V, 7). 



Consult Dembitz's The Jewish Services in Syna- 

 gogue and Home. 



PASS 'PORT. An official document granted 

 by the authority of a nation to one of its citi- 

 zens or subjects to enable him to travel in for- 

 eign lands. It certifies to his citizenship and 

 requests for him safe passage and all lawful aid 

 and protection while in foreign nations. In 



most nations and for most purposes such a 

 document is not at all necessary, but in a few 

 countries, notably Russia and Germany, it is 

 still an essential. In the United States, the only 

 official authorized to issue a passport is the Sec- 

 retary of State. It will be granted as a matter 

 of right, except in time of war, to any citizen, 

 whether native born or naturalized, who makes 

 proper application, which must be in the form 

 of a written affidavit, stating the fact of his 

 citizenship and giving his legal residence. It 

 must contain a description of his person, and 

 be accompanied by a certificate from at least 

 one credible witness that the facts mentioned 

 are true; it must be attested by an official au- 

 thorized to administer oaths, and the applicant, 

 must take the oath of allegiance to the United 

 States. The fee that must accompany the ap- 

 plication is one dollar. A passport is good for 

 two years from date of issue. 



In Canada passports are issued by an under- 

 secretary of the London Foreign Office, resi- 

 dent in Ottawa. This latter office corresponds 

 to the State Department in the United States. 



PASTEUR, pastuhr', Louis (1822-1895), a 

 French chemist whose researches and discov- 

 eries in the field of bacteriology have made him 

 one of the world's greatest benefactors. He was 

 born at Dole, France, in the Jura district. At 

 the age of twenty 

 he began the 

 study of chemis- 

 try at the Ecole 

 Normale in Paris, 

 later specializing 

 in that subject at 

 the Sorbonne. In 

 1867 he was ap- 

 pointed professor 

 of chemistry in 

 the Sorbonne, and 

 in 1888, when his 

 labors were 

 crowned by the 





LOUIS PASTEUR 

 Best known to the average 

 dodirntinn nf thp eitixen as the orKimi/cr of 

 3 Pasteur institutes for the cure 

 Pasteur Institute, of hydrophobia and lockjaw 



he became direc- < tetanus >- 



tor of that great center of research. 



It would be difficult to overestimate Pas- 

 teur's services to mankind. His study of the 

 process of fermentation arid of the diseases t hat- 

 affect spirituous and malt liquors result ed in 

 improvements in brewing, distilling and wine 

 making that saved France more than enough 

 to pay the huge indemnity incurred by the 

 Franco-German War, and he saved the silk in- 



