PAUL 



4529 



PAUL 



Paul V, Pope from 1605 to 1621, was of the 

 famous Borghese family, and was made a cardi- 

 nal in 1596. The first two years of his Papacy 

 were disturbed by a dispute with the Republic 

 of Vienna. Paul demanded that ecclesia 

 should not be brought to trial before other than 

 ecclesiastical tribunals, and when the senate and 

 the doge refused to submit, issued sentence of 

 excommunication against them. Still they re- 

 mained obdurate, and the controversy raged 

 until 1607, actual recourse to arms being at 

 times threatened; but a compromise was at 

 effected by Henry IV of France. Paul V 

 was active in the suppression of heresy, the 

 lishing of religious Orders and the promo- 

 tion of the missionary movement. A. MC c. 



For a list of all the Popes see the article POPE, 

 in which is also a detailed account of the method 

 of election to the Papal chair. 



PAUL, SAINT (3-67), the great apostle to the 

 Gentiles, and one of the chief agents of the 

 early Church in establishing Christianity. Until 

 his conversion he was called SAUL OF TARSUS, 

 for his parents were prominent and influential 

 Hebrews of that Cilician city. The boy was 

 sent to Jerusalem to be educated under the 

 learned Gamaliel, one of the most distinguished 

 rabbis of the day, and there he was trained 

 according to the strict Jewish faith and tradi- 

 tions. Since all boys in his nation were taught 

 some trade, he learned how to make tents, and 

 later, while preaching in various towns, he sup- 

 ported himself in this way. 



As a young man Saul was made a member of 

 the council at Jerusalem, and not long after 

 Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was stoned 

 to death, the high priest appointed him to take 

 ire of the work of persecuting the now 

 sect. It was while he was on his way to Da- 

 mascus in the interest of this work that hr ex- 

 perienced conversion an event which changed 

 the whole course of his life (see Acts IX). This 

 happened when he was about thirty-two years 

 old. Immediately, with characteristic en- 

 and to the astonishment of the Jews, he began 

 to preach in the synagogues; his success in ob- 

 taining converts stirred to wnth the Jews and 

 the governor of the city, so he was compel lr-.l 

 to flee sect' 



After going to Arabia, Paul, as he then called 

 himself, returned to his nati 

 stayed for several years, until his friend B 

 bas urui-d linn to begin work at the Church <>i 

 Antiooh in Syria. For a year these two ; 

 labored among the Gentiles who had formed 

 this new Church, obtaining many convert* and 

 284 



placing their organization upon a firm basis. 

 To the disciples in Antioch the name Christian 

 was first given. 



Missionary Journeys. This was the starting 

 point in Paul's work of evangelizing the pagan 

 world, for in the following year, A. D. 46, the 

 Church which he had aided sent him out with 

 Barnabas on%the first of his three missionary 

 journeys. These men worked their way north, 

 founding churches in the principal cities until 

 they reached Antioch in Pisidia, the chief city 

 of the Roman province of Galatia. There, 

 upon the invitation of the rulers of the syna- 

 gogue, Paul made the great address recorded in 

 Acts XIII, 16-41. As the chief people of the 

 city were aroused against the Christians by the 

 Jews, Paul and Barnabas were driven away; 

 they then returned over their old route to 

 place upon a firm basis the new churches which 

 they had established. 



Five years after the first journey Paul started 

 out on a second trip, taking several followers 

 with him. He visited both Phrygia and Gala- 

 tia, then went over into Macedonia. On this 

 expedition he founded the Church at Philippi, 

 and so established Christianity in Europe. 

 While preaching in Philippi he discovered that 

 there was a decided advantage in being bora a 

 Roman citizen, for when the magistrates who 

 had cast him into prison with Silas discovered 

 his citizenship they immediately freed him and 

 his companion, asking them to leave the city. 

 The apostle and his followers then turned 

 south, going down into Greece, where P.ml de- 

 livered an address before the philosophers of 

 Athens on Mars Hill (which see). 



In A.D. 54 Paul started out on his third and 

 last missionary journey. Passing through 

 Phrygia and Galatia, he arrived at Ephesus, 

 the capital of Ionia and one of the most influ- 

 ential cities of the East. For three years he 

 made it the center of his operations, with great 

 success. 



Later Years. Then, in spite of warnings, 

 Paul returned to Jerusalem. There he would 

 have been seized by the mob had not Lysias, 

 the commander of the Roman garrison, carried 

 him off as a prisoner to the castle. Later he 

 was sent to Felix, the procurator, to be tried in 

 Caesarca, but he was still in prison two yean 

 later when Fcstus came into power. When 

 Festus, willing to please the Jews, asked h: 

 go to Jerusalem for trial, Paul availed himself 

 .:* right as a Roman citizen and appealed to 

 Caesar. So he was sent to Rome, after making 

 a notable defense before Agrippa (Act* XX VI 



