PEA 



4534 



PEABODY EDUCATION FUND 



the Northern United States and in Canada, 

 are used as food for stock. There are also 

 several species that bear lovely fragrant flow- 

 ers and are cultivated as ornamental garden 

 plants. Among these are the sweet pea (which 

 see), the chick 

 pea and the ever- 

 lasting pea. All 

 species are sup- 

 posed to be de- 

 rived from wild 

 plants native to 

 Southern Europe 

 and Southwestern 

 Asia. 



The Common 

 Garden Pea. Un- 

 der cultivation, 

 many varieties of 

 the garden pea 

 have been devel- 

 oped. There are, PEAS 

 however, two dis- Branch of a vine and green 

 tinct types, those pods enclosin & P eas - 

 bearing seeds with smooth coats, and those 

 whose seeds have wrinkled coats. The smooth- 

 seeded, which are the hardier and so are 

 planted the earlier, are usually low-growing 

 plants; the wrinkled-seeded produce a tall 

 twining stem that requires some sort of a 

 support. The seeds of both kinds are planted 

 about three inches deep and about two inches 

 apart in the row, but the seeds of the taller 

 varieties are planted in rows four feet apart, 

 as compared with eighteen inches for the oth- 

 ers. In the latitude of New York the planting 

 season is from March to June, and early va- 

 rieties are harvested from June on. A variety 

 known as sugar pea, which is sown in April, 

 bears edible pods that are picked when small 

 and tender (in July) and are cooked like string 

 beans. t 



Food Value. Green peas, fresh from the pods, 

 constitute one of the most appetizing of the 

 summer vegetables; as their delightful flavor is 

 not lost when they are properly canned, they 

 can be enjoyed the year round. That they are 

 nutritious is shown by the following figures (an 

 average analysis): water, 74.6 per cent; pro- 

 tein, 7; fat, 0.5; carbohydrates (starch and 

 sugar), 16.9; ash, 1.0. The fuel value (see 

 CALORIE) for green peas is 465 calories per 

 pound. Dried peas, which are baked, used for 

 soups and cooked in various other ways, are 

 even more nutritious, as their percentage of 

 protein is 24.6, and of carbohydrates, 62. Their 



fuel value, too, is high, being 1,655 calories per 

 pound. 



PEABODY, pc'bodi, MASS., a town in Essex 

 County in the northeastern part of the state, 

 prominent in the manufacture of leather. 

 leather goods, boots and shoes. It is two miles 

 west of Salem, and is on the Boston & Maine 

 Railroad; electric lines connect with cities and 

 towns northwest and southeast. Peabody has 

 a convent, the Peabody Historical Society, 

 Eben Dale Sutton Reference Library and IVa- 

 body Institute, the last having a find collec- 

 tion of paintings and a library of more than 

 38,000 volumes. Thomas Hospital and Emer- 

 son Park are worthy of mention. Besides the 

 leather manufactories, the town has plants for 

 making leather-working machinery, electrical 

 supplies, soap and glue. Peabody was first a 

 part of Salem and then of Danvers; it was in- 

 corporated as South Danvers in 1855, the name 

 being changed to its present one in 1868, in 

 honor of George Peabody, an American philan- 

 thropist who was bora there and who founded 

 the Peabody Educational Fund (see below). 

 Several villages unite to form the town of Pea- 

 body, which in 1915 had a population of 18,625, 

 an increase of 2,904 since 1910. The area ex- 

 ceeds sixteen square miles. 



PEABODY EDUCATION FUND, an endow- 

 ment made in 1867 by George Peabody, an 

 American merchant and philanthropist, for the 

 advancement of education in the South. The 

 original fund, including a second donation made 

 in 1869, amounted to about $2,000,000. At the 

 end of the first thirty years the trustees of the 

 fund had distributed more than $2,500,000, hav- 

 ing given aid to numerous elementary and 

 normal schools, besides awarding a number of 

 scholarships. In 1875 the trustees founded, at 

 Nashville, Tenn., a school for the higher train- 

 ing of teachers, known as the State Normal 

 School. In 1887 the name of this institution 

 was changed to Peabody Normal College. A- 

 the school grew in influence and the scope of 

 its activities increased, a movement was started 

 to make it a central teachers' college for the 

 entire South. As a result of this idea, the 

 George Peabody College for Teachers was in- 

 corporated in 1909, and the money and property 

 under the control of the trustees of the Pea- 

 body Fund were transferred to the trustees of 

 the new institution, thus terminating the trus- 

 teeship of the original fund. 



The George Peabody College for Teachers 

 occupies a campus of about fifty acres on the 

 east side of the Hillsboro Pike. By 1916 four 



