PEACE 



453.) 



PEACE CONFERENCE 



new buildings had been completed, at a cost 

 of about $750,000. The institution has received 

 donations from the state of Tennessee, the city 

 of Nashville, Davidson County, the University 

 of Nashville and the alumni association, and it 

 is planned ultimately to have on the campus a 

 group including eighteen recitation and labora- 

 tory buildings, fifteen dormitories and several 

 practice and demonstration schools. College 

 sessions were begun in June, 1914, and during 

 the first summer session there were over a 

 thousand students in attendance. The regular 

 enrolment is about 300, and the faculty num- 

 bers over thirty. There is a college library of 

 40,000 volumes. 



George Peabody (1795-1869) was bora in 

 Massachusetts. At the age of eighteen he be- 

 gan to work for a wholesale dry goods merchant 

 of Georgetown, D. C. Later, when the firm had 

 become established in Baltimore, he rose to be 

 head of the company. Having built up a great 

 fortune, he founded in London the firm of 

 George Peabody & Co., and in that city he 

 spent the last years of his life. His endowment 

 for education in the South is but one of many 

 notable contributions for the advancement of 

 education, art and music. 



PEACE, BREACH OF THE. In the days when 

 the king was supreme in England, it was held 

 he had a right to peace within his realm. 

 Whenever a crime was committed against the 

 royal laws the offender was arrested for dis- 

 turbing "the king's peace," and was tried before 

 a justice of the peace. In modern times a 

 serious crime is not considered a breach of the 

 peace; the latter includes only those offenses 

 winch invade the right of the people to live in 

 orderly quiet. Thus, one who indulges in vio- 

 lent language to lawful visitors on his premises, 

 or one who interferes with lawful meetings 

 of others or prevents others from doing lawful 

 tasks, or one who riots, may be arrested, with- 

 out a warrant, for breach of the peace. A 

 person who persistently annoys others may be 

 required to deposit money or furnish a bond 

 to be forfeited if he lapses from good conduct, 

 or, as it is commonly expressed, be "put under 

 bonds" to keep the peace. 



PEACE CONFERENCE, 1918. See VER- 

 r.s, TREATS 



PEACE CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL, a 

 congress of the chief powers assembled at ii. 

 vals at The Hague, the ultimate object of 

 which is the establishment of permanent peace, 

 the more immediate aim being the settling of 

 international controversies by arbitration and 



the lessening of wanton barbarities in war. The 

 conferences at The Hague may be regarded as 

 a definite expression of that growing abhorrence 

 of war that began to manifest itself towards the 

 close of the last century. This humane feeling 



PEACE PALACE AT THE HAGUE 

 The grift of Andrew Carnegie to the world. The 

 building and grounds cost $1,750,000. 



seemed to be growing steadily in force until 

 the outburst of the War of the Nations in 

 1914. So violent an upheaval appeared to in- 

 dicate that existing proposals could hardly be 

 thought of as a sufficient basis for a lasting 

 peace. 



The conferences were initiated by the czar 

 of Russia, and the first congress met at The 

 Hague on May 18, 1899. One hundred dele- 

 gates, representing the United States, Mexico, 

 China, Japan, Persia and Siam, and twenty-one 

 European powers, were present. Three chief 

 questions occupied the attention of the dele- 

 gates: armaments and weapons, humane regu- 

 lations in warfare, and mediation and arbitra- 

 tion. Each nation was represented on every 

 committee appointed and had one vote. A 

 final act, signed by all the powers on July 29, 

 embodied the conclusions reached. This act 

 consisted of three conventions or treaties, three 

 formal declarations and six resolutions. The 

 declarations prohibited (1) the dropping of ex- 

 plosives from balloons; (2) the use of shells 

 diffusing poisonous gases; (3) the use of so- 

 called "dumdum" bullets, soft projectiles which 

 spread in the body. Great Britain and the 

 United States declined to approve of the sec- 

 ond and third prohibitions. The resolutions set 

 forth the conviction of the conference that the 

 burden of armaments should be lessened and 

 that the size of military and naval budgets 

 should be studied by the signatory powers with 

 a view to reductions. Of the three conventions 

 agreed to, one applied the humane provisions 

 of the Geneva Convention to naval warfare. 

 Another comprised a perfected code of tin 



