PEDIMENT 



4548 



PEEKSKILL 



of the principles of science to practical affairs 

 have led to marked changes in the courses of 

 study; modem facilities of communication, the 

 rapid increase in periodical literature and the 

 organization of all lines of industry along cor- 

 porate lines have compelled educators to take 

 cognizance of the increasing complexity of our 

 social relations and to broaden the activities 

 of the school to meet them. 



Another strong tendency is away from the 

 class toward the individual pupil. The worth 

 of the individual is being more fully recognized 

 as the years go by. The duty of the school to 

 the state is being more fully recognized, and 

 the school, the home and the community are 

 being drawn closer together. All this means 

 that the great aims of the public school to-day 

 are to help the individual child to make the 

 most of himself so that he may become a use- 

 ful and worthy citizen, and to harmonize, 



of the Bank of Montreal, in that city. In tho 

 Middle Ages architects decorated doorways, 

 windows and niches with forms which resemble 

 and are called pediments. 



PEDOMETER, pcdom'ctcr, a small instru- 

 ment resembling a watch, which measures the 

 distance a person has walked. It is carried in 

 the pocket, and at each step the motion of 

 the body causes a small lever to move, and 

 this records the number of steps taken. To 

 get the distances one must find the average 

 length of his step, and multiply. The name 

 pedometer comes from the Latin word /;<*. 

 meaning foot, and the Greek metron, meaning 

 measure. 



PE'DRO II (1825-1891), the last emperor of 

 Brazil, known best as Dom Pedro, was born 

 in Rio de Janeiro. When the boy was but six 

 years old his father abdicated in his favor, but 

 Pedro was not crowned until 1841; two years 



THREE STYLES OF PEDIMENTS 



On Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia ; on the Temple of Zeus, at Olympia ; on the Temple at Assus, 

 Egypt. 



through instruction and influence, the multi- 

 plicity of interest surrounding the pupil in 

 short, to lead the forces of society in estab- 

 lishing broader and more sympathetic human 

 interests. W.F.R. 



Consult Colvin's The Learning Process; De 

 Garmo's Interest and Education; Bagley's The 

 Educative Process. 



Related Subject*. Methods of teaching the 

 common branches are given in the respective arti- 

 cles on those branches. See ARITHMETIC ; GRAM- 

 MAR, etc. Other subjects closely related to this 



Nervous System 



Psychology 



Reason 



Thought 



Will 



are : 



Attention 



Education, page 1933 



Habit 



Imagination 



Interest 



Memory 



PED'IMENT, in architecture, the triangular 

 space on the end of a building having a low, 

 two-pitched roof. It is bounded by the rafters 

 and a line joining their bases, or the cornices. 

 In modern terms a pediment is a low gable. 

 In stone buildings pediments are sometimes 

 ornamented with sculpture. The finest exam- 

 ples of pediments in the world are those of the 

 ancient Greek Parthenon (which see) at Athens. 

 Probably the finest example in America is that 



later he married the sister of Ferdinand II, 

 king of the Two Sicilies. In spite of an en- 

 lightened reign, revolutionary disturbances were 

 frequent and trouble threatened constantly with 

 the neighboring states. Through his influence 

 the Amazon River was thrown open in 1867 to 

 the commerce of all nations; in 1871 a law 

 to abolish slavery was passed, but did not 

 take full effect until 1888. The following year 

 a republic was proclaimed, and the ' emperor 

 was forced to abdicate. He was granted a pen- 

 sion and sent away to Europe on a govern- 

 ment vessel; he died in Paris two years later. 

 As a careful student of government and edu- 

 cation, he developed into a wise and discreet 

 ruler, always avoiding violation of constitu- 

 tional provisions. 



PEEKS 'KILL, N. Y., a village in West- 

 chester County, of much historical interest, 

 located on the east bank of the Hudson River, 

 just below the Highlands, forty-two miles north 

 of New York City. It is served by the New 

 York Central Railroad and by electric inter- 

 urban lines. The village contains Depew Park, 

 four military academies, Saint Mary's School 

 (Protestant Episcopal), the Field Library, Help- 

 ing Hand Hospital, Saint Joseph's Home and 



