PENGUIN 



4560 



PENMANSHIP 



beaches. Penetanguishene is also important 

 for its manufactures, which include lumber, 

 boxes and box shocks, shingles, tubs, fiber 

 board, gasoline boats and engines, sto\< 

 riages, flour and other articles. Population in 

 1911, 3.568; in 1916, estimated 4,500. 



In the seventeenth century Penetanguishene 

 was one of the principal Jesuit missions in 

 Canada. Later it became a fur-trading station 

 and military post. After the War of 1812 its 

 military importance declined, and it became 

 known as a lumbering center. It was incorpo- 

 rated in 1881, and since 1911 has owned its elec- 

 tric light and power system. W.F.B. 



PENGUIN, pen' g win, an odd-looking bird of 

 the Antarctic regions, having short legs, short 

 wings covered with stiff, scalelike feathers, a 

 ducklike body and a very short tail. There are 

 about fifteen species, varying in length from 



PENGUINS 



eighteen inches to three feet. The large king 

 penguins have grayish-blue body plumage, 

 white breasts, black heads and yellow throats. 

 These birds are built for swimming and diving 

 rather than for flying. In the water they use 

 their short wings as oars and their webbed 

 feet serve as rudders; on land they waddle 

 about in an erect position, or awkwardly crawl 

 around on the ground, using the wings as fore- 

 feet. 



They live in colonies. Sometimes the eggs 

 are laid in crude nests of sticks, stones and 

 grass, and sometimes on the bare rock. Usually 

 but one egg is laid, and the bird hatches it by 

 holding it between the thighs. The male 

 shares with the female the work of hatching. 

 Though the penguins live in cold regions and 

 seek their food in icy waters, they do not suffer 



from the low temperature, as they are kept 

 warm by a layer of fat under the skin. On the 

 breast the plumage is soft and silvery, and fur- 

 riers use these feathers in making muffs and 

 collars. 



Amundsen, the Antarctic explorer, made an 

 interesting study of these birds. He found 

 them intelligent, and quick to imitate the mo- 

 tions of human beings, whom they had never 

 seen before, and of whom they were not afraid. 



Consult Levick's Antarctic Penguins; Darwin's 

 Voyage of a Naturalist. 



PENMANSHIP. The importance of being 

 able to write legibly with ease and with a good 

 degree of rapidity can scarcely be estimated. 

 While the public schools give instruction in pen- 

 manship that is designed to make satisfactory 

 penmen of the pupils by the time they have 

 completed the sixth grade, many boys and girls 

 by force of circumstances are compelled to 

 leave school before they have become good 

 writers. It is possible for anyone in such cir- 

 cumstances to become a fairly-good penman, 

 unless he is handicapped by some physical de- 

 fect. To accomplish this three things are neces- 

 sary the determination to succeed, practice 

 and perseverance. 



Underlying Principles. Including capitals, 

 small letters and figures, there are sixty-one 

 characters that one must learn to make. Even 

 were each character entirely different from the 

 others, the task would not be so very difficult, 

 but it is in fact quite simple. All these char- 

 acters are formed by the combination of two 

 simple elements the straight line and the oval. 

 Sufficient practice in making and combining 

 these elements will enable one to become a 

 good penman, provided the practice proceeds 

 systematically, with the following points in 

 view: 



1. Form. Writing is a form study, and any- 

 one seeking to become a good writer should have 

 a clear mental image of the characters he is to 

 make. A study of good script is therefore one 

 essential to successful practice. Any good series 

 of copy books will furnish this material. 



2. Freedom. By freedom is meant that facility 

 of movement which will enable one to write freely, 

 legibly and with a good degree of rapidity with- 

 out thinking of the characters he is making. 

 When this stage of development is reached one 

 need not give further special attention to his 

 penmanship. 



Directions. Freedom is gained through prac- 

 tice, but the practice must be of the right kind. 

 No one will become a good writer by merely 

 copying the forms of letters and figures. Such 

 training of the muscles employed in writing as 



