PENNSYLVANIA 



PENNSYLVANIA 



received his early training at the Pennsylvania 

 Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, where 

 he was born. In 1884, after an extended tour of 

 Europe, he and his talented wife, Elizabeth Rob- 

 ins Pennell, settled in London, where they be- 

 gan their literary and artistic work. Pennell has 

 shown the picturesque possibilities of old Phila- 

 delphia in a series of etchings, and has exe- 

 cuted many notable Italian and English scenes, 

 foremost among the latter being the 

 Thames Embankment and the Nelson 

 'tent. The text for several of his 



series was written by his wife, and The Author- 

 ized Life oj J. Mc\. Whistler is their joint 

 work. He has furnished illustrations for Wil- 

 liam Dean Howells' Tuscan Cities, an edition 

 of Irving's Alhambra, Henry James's Italian 

 Hours, and other notable books. In a series 

 of etchings, entitled Pictures oj the Panama 

 Canal, he has pictured with wonderful fidelity 

 that great waterway. His work, revealing a 

 t mined eye and strong intellect, shows 

 sharp contrasts of light and shade and a 

 fine grasp of composition. 



THE STORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 



.ENNSYLVANIA, pcnsilva'nia, one of 

 the thirteen original states of the American 

 Union; the southernmost and second largest 

 state of the North Atlantic group. It is the 

 leading mineral state of the Union, and one of 

 its most important industrial and commercial 

 commonwealths. Conspicuous from its earliest 

 beginnings as the seat of civic, social and re- 

 ligious freedom, and playing an important part 

 in the establishment of the Union, Pennsylvania 

 has continued to hold a prominent position in 

 the development and progress of the nation. 



The state, was named for its founder, William 

 who with Quaker modesty wished it to 

 iwn merely as "Sylvania," meaning wood- 

 lands; however, to this name Charles II, who 

 granted the territory to Penn, prefixed tin- 

 Quaker's name, making it Penn's Woods, or 

 Penn's Woodlands. Pennsylvania is popularly 

 known as the KEYSTONE STATE, probably be- 

 cause of its position at the top of the arch 

 formed by the Atlantic states from New Eng- 

 land to North Carolina. 



Size and Location. Having a rectangular area 

 126 square miles, of which 294 square 

 miles are water surface, Pennsylvania ranks 

 thirty-second in size among the states of the 

 Union. It is almost equal in area to the states 

 ( f M line, Massachusetts and Connecticut com- 

 bined, and is more than twice the sice of Nova 

 Scotia. All of the boundaries of the state ex- 

 cept the Delaware River on the east, a strip of 

 forty miles on Lake Erie and a small arc sepa- 



rating the state from Delaware, on the south- 

 east, are straight lines. 



People. According to the census of 1910, 

 Pennsylvania's population, numbering 7,665,111, 

 was greater than that of any other state in the 

 Union but New York. This number shows an 

 increase of 21.6 per cent since the preceding 

 census, and that the steady growth in popula- 

 tion has continued is shown by the fact that 

 the estimated number of inhabitants January 1, 

 1917, was 8,591,029. The average density of the 

 population in 1910 was 171 persons to the square 

 mile, which is almost six times the average for 

 the United States, and exceeded in only five 

 states in the Union. The negro population, 

 numbering about 193,000, is larger than that in 

 any of the other Northern states. 



Owing to its central location, liberal govern- 

 ment and religious toleration, the colony of 

 Pennsylvania became a haven for Europeans, 

 principally religious refugees from England, 

 Ireland, Sweden, and especially Germam 

 early population probably showed a greater 

 mixture of nationalities than did that of any 

 >ther original states. Many of the sects, 

 such as the Quakers, Mcnnonitc*, Moravians 

 and Dunkers, have preserved their quaint and 

 peculiar customs, and arc still found in many 

 communities. The peculiar dialect of Uie 

 "Pennsylvania Dutch," those industrious Ger- 

 man farmers who were among the early set- 

 tlers, is still heard in some rural districts, and 

 their descendants arc widely scattered through 



