PENNSYLVANIA 



PENNSYLVANIA 



cut their way through the ridges, making pic- 

 turesque V-shaped notches, famous for their 

 beautiful scenery. The most noted of these is 

 the Delaware Water Gap, made by the Dela- 

 ware between the Blue Mountains of Penn>\ 1- 

 vania and the Kittatinny Range in New Jersey. 

 At the foot of the steep eastern slope of the 

 Blue Mountains, and extending to South Moun- 

 tain on the east, lies the Lebanon, or Cumber- 

 land, Valley, known also as the "Great Valley," 

 a section of that region of fertile gardens which 

 La from the Hudson River to Alabama. 



hundred feet high, which extend along a nar- 

 row beach. 



An interesting feature of Pennsylvania's sur- 

 face is the terminal moraine, which enters from 

 New Jersey and with many bends and turns 

 crosses the state in a general northeast direc- 

 tion. It is a continuous mound of gravel and 

 rocky deposits, marking the southern limit of 

 the great glacier which once covered the north- 

 ern part of the continent (see GLACIAL PERIOD). 



Lakes and Rivers. In the glacial area north 

 of the terminal moraine there are num< : 



PENNSYLVANIA 



CALC OF MILES 



NEW YORK 



OUTLINE MAP OF PENNSYLVANIA 



Showing boundaries, navigable rivers, principal cities, location of mineral deposits and the highest 

 point of land In the state. 



Older Appalachian Belt, lying east of 

 tin Blue Mountains, is a region of undulating 

 hills, green and gold with crops, among whose 

 fertile slopes nestle the comfortable homes of 

 some of the most prosperous and best-educated 

 farmers in the world. 



Beyond the mountain ranges to the west and 

 north lies the Alleghany plateau, a rugged, for- 

 ested region intersected by narrow valleys. It 

 was this formidable table-land and the un- 

 broken ridges of the Appalachians that shut 

 out Philadelphia from a great share of 

 early trad< with the Middle West. The small, 

 triangular section on Lake Erie is a f 

 plain bounded by bluffs of sand, fifty to one 



kettle-hole lakes. Among these small, deep 

 bodies of watrr are Lake Poponoming and 

 Mineola and Deep lakes. There are no large 

 lakes in the state. 



Pennsylvania is drained by many beautiful 

 rivers, tin* three great systems being the Sus- 

 uinna, Delaware and Ohio. The Potomac 

 drains a small area in the south and the Gene- 

 see 1 rs the northern part of the state 

 from New York. A few small streams in the 

 northwest flow into Lake Erie. 



wide, shallow Susquehanna, winding 



across Pennsylvania from north to south, drains 



\ nnr-h.ilf of the state. This stream, filled 



with islands and rapids, is not navigable, but 



