SEASICKNESS 



5284 



SEASONS 



Right of search is not permissible in times 

 of peace, except when a cruiser is sent in pur- 

 suit of a merchant vessel suspected of violating 

 the revenue laws, or when there is good reason 

 for suspecting that a vessel is a pirate. 



In making the search the ship's papers are 

 first examined. These papers contain the name 

 of the master, the name of the ship, the name 

 of the port from which the ship has sailed and 

 of the port for which it is bound. The papers 

 should also contain a description of the cargo, 

 and should certify that the officers have com- 

 plied with the customs regulations of the coun- 

 try from which it has sailed. If the papers are 

 correct the search usually ends with their ex- 

 amination. If, however, suspicion is aroused, 

 the cargo is examined. Any officer refusing to 

 stop his ship and to allow it to be searched by 

 proper authorities is liable to have both ship 

 and cargo confiscated. 



The Hague Conference of 1907 and the con- 

 ference in London in 1909 threw a number of 

 restrictions around the right of search. One of 

 these was that the mails of neutral nations 

 should be free from search and that in case 

 the neutral vessel was detained these mails 

 should be forwarded at the earliest possible 

 date. However, Great Britain set this and 

 various other provisions of these conventions 

 temporarily aside soon after the otitbreak of 

 the War of the Nations, as a necessary measure 

 against spies, while Germany, in its submarine 

 warfare, established new precedents altogether 

 in the matter of intercepting commerce. 



The right of search in times of peace, in so 

 far as it applies to the private premises, persons 

 and property of peaceful citizens and subjects, 

 is safeguarded by law. See PEACE CONFERENCE, 

 INTERNATIONAL; WARRANT, subhead Search 

 Warrant. 



SEASICKNESS, se'siknes, a disagreeable 

 illness resulting from the pitching and rolling 

 of a vessel at sea. The symptoms are dizzi- 

 ness and pain in the head, nausea, a sinking 

 sensation in the stomach, and vomiting. In 

 case of a severe attack the skin becomes pale, 

 almost green, and damp; the pulse is feeble 

 and the whole body utterly exhausted. Sea- 

 sickness is the result of a lack of nervous 

 adaptability ; this may be described as a failure 

 of the nerves to adjust themselves to having 

 the sense of balance upset. But why this sort 

 of nervous shock should result in acute illness 

 no one knows. The same type of disturbance 

 is experienced by those people who become ill 

 from swaying in a hammock or swing. 



Nothing has been discovered which will pre- 

 vent seasickness, and there is no positive cure 

 for it. Some obtain relief by using a nerve 

 sedative; for others a nerve tonic is better. 

 The quickest relief is gained by lying motion- 

 less, preferably in the open air, with the head 

 low. Liquid nourishment should be taken, if 

 possible, to keep up the strength. Seasickness, 

 provided there are no complications, is never 

 fatal. In most cases, unless there are severe 

 storms, the attack disappears after a few hours 

 and does not return again during the same 

 voyage. The susceptibility of different persons 

 to seasickness varies considerably. There are 

 many people who seem to be immune. 



SEASONS, se'z'nz, the periods into which 

 the year is naturally divided, by changes in 

 temperature and by alterations in the lengths 

 of the days and nights. In the course of a year 

 the earth revolves around the sun, always with 



March 21-23 

 ---T^ 



DecV^i-23 



Sept. 21-23 



THE SEASONS 



In summer the northern part of the earth is 

 more than half in sunshine and the southern part 

 more than half in darkness. Thus a point in the 

 north has daylight during the greater part of the 

 twenty-four hours of the day. The farther north 

 one goes the more daylight he finds, and around 

 the Pole there is no darkness during this season. 

 In the winter, conditions are reversed. 



its axis tipped or inclined a little (23^) to- 

 ward the plane of its orbit. For about half 

 the year the vertical rays fall north of the 

 equator; on the 21st of June they are farthest 

 north, and on that day summer begins in the 

 northern hemisphere and winter in the south- 

 ern. On the 22nd of December the conditions 

 are exactly reversed. On the 21st of March the . 

 sun is at the vernal equinox, and on the 22nd 

 of September at the autumnal equinox; on 

 these days the sun is directly over the equator. 

 In the northern hemisphere spring and autumn, 

 respectively, begin on these days Thus spring 

 extends from the vernal equinox (March 21) 

 to the summer solstice (June 21) ; summer from 

 the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox 

 (September 22) ; and winter from the winter 

 solstice to the vernal equinox. 



