SCHUYLER 



5252 



SCHWATKA 



After the war capitalists assisted him in es- 

 tablishing a German paper in Saint Louis (the 

 Westliche Post) which became a power in the 

 West. In 1869 he took his seat as United 

 States Senator from Missouri, being the first 

 American citizen of German birth to enter the 

 Senate. He was one of the first to Oppose 

 Grant's reelection, and presided over the con- 

 vention which nominated Greeley for the Presi- 

 dency. When Hayes became President Schurz 

 was appointed Secretary of the Interior, serv- 

 ing from 1877 to 1881. In the latter year he 

 became editor-in-chief of the New York Eve- 

 ning Post, formerly edited by William Cullen 

 Bryant. The Post, which had been popularly 

 regarded as the personal organ of Mr. Bryant, 

 increased in circulation and influence under the 

 management of the new chief, who, however, 

 retired from the editorship in 1883. In 1892 he 

 was elected president of the National League 

 for Civil Service Reform, and after nine years 

 resigned on account of his declining strength. 

 He died in New York City, May 14, 1906. 



Schurz published a volume of Speeches, a 

 book of Reminiscences, a biography of Henry 

 Clay in the "American Statesmen Series," and 

 an admirable essay on Lincoln. M.R.T. 



SCHUYLER, ski'ler, PHILIP (1733-1804), an 

 American patriot, statesman and Revolution- 

 ary general, distinguished for the part he bore 

 in the campaign which ended in the surrender 

 of Burgoyne. He was descended from Dutch 

 ancestors who came from Holland and settled 

 in Albany, N. Y., where he was born. In 1755 

 he recruited a company to fight against the 

 French and Indians and showed unusual mili- 

 tary skill. Later he engaged in business in 

 Saratoga, where he built the first American flax 

 mill. Schuyler was a delegate to the Conti- 

 nental Congress in 1775, and after the Battle 

 of Bunker Hill was appointed major-general 

 in the continental army, being placed in com- 

 mand of the Northern New York division. 

 His command of the colonial forces, however, 

 did not long continue, as Gates managed to 

 have himself unfairly appointed by Congress 

 in his place; but Schuyler remained with the 

 army, and to him is due the credit of Bur- 

 goyne's surrender (see SARATOGA, BATTLES OF). 

 For alleged neglect of duty at Ticonderoga he 

 was tried by court-martial, but was acquitted 

 with honor. He secured the neutrality of the 

 Six Nations and was later elected to numerous 

 state offices, and to the United States Senate. 

 He is buried in Trinity Churchyard, New York 

 City, within a hundred feet of busy Broadway, 



and next to the grave of his father-in-law, 

 Alexander Hamilton. 



SCHUYLKILL, skool'kil, a river in Pennsyl- 

 vania, whose name is a Dutch word meaning 

 hidden channel. It rises in a county of the 

 same name, and flows southeastward for about 

 100 miles, entering the Delaware River at the 

 southern limit of Philadelphia. It furnishes 

 water power for manufacturing at Reading, 

 Pottsville, Phoenixville, Norristown and Phila- 

 delphia. Along its lower portion in Philadel- 

 phia there are extensive wharves. The greater 

 portion of the water supply of the city also 

 comes from the Schuylkill, the government 

 having installed a filtration plant in 1901-1908 

 at a cost of $25,000,000. By a Congressional 

 appropriation (1914) funds were provided to 

 widen the Schuylkill channel from Walnut 

 Street, Philadelphia, to the Delaware, for port 

 development. 



SCHWAB, shwahb, CHARLES M. (1862- ), 

 an American capitalist who amassed a great 

 fortune in the steel industry. He was bora at 

 Williamsburg, Pa., but spent his childhood in 

 Loretto, in the same state. While still a boy 

 he drove a stage 

 from Loretto to 

 Cresson, a dis- 

 tance of five 

 miles. Schwab's 

 connection with 

 the steel industry 

 began with his 

 employment by 

 the Carnegie 

 Company as a 

 stake driver in 

 the engineering 

 corps of the Edgar Thompson Steel Works. He 

 rose steadily to the position of general super- 

 intendent of the Homestead Steel Works, serv- 

 ing in this capacity from 1892 to 1897. He 

 later devoted his energies to putting the steel 

 industry on a "trust" basis, and in 1901 became 

 president of the vast United States Steel Cor- 

 poration. In 1903 Schwab became president of 

 the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, and in 1918 

 he was called to manage the great shipbuilding 

 enterprise of the .government, during the War 

 of the Nations. 



SCHWATKA, shwot'ka, FREDERICK (1849- 

 1892), an American Arctic explorer, bom at Ga- 

 lena, 111. Graduating in 1871 from West Point, 

 he became second lieutenant in the United 

 States army, after obtaining degrees in both 

 medicine and law. Becoming interested in Arc- 



CHARLES M. SCHWAB 



