SCHUMANN-HEINK 



5251 



SCHURZ 



varying shades of feeling represented by the 

 words. His songs were written to poems of 

 Goethe, Heine, Byron, Burns, Moore and other 

 lyrists. Schumann's wife edited his complete 

 works, which fill thirty-four volumes. B.M.W. 



Consult Oldmeadow's Schumann; Mason's 

 "Schumann," in Romantic Composers. 



SCHUMANN-HEINK, shoo' man hyngk', 

 ERNESTINE, nee ROSSLER (1861- ), one of 

 the greatest contraltos of her age, a marked 

 favorite both as a grand opera star and as a 

 concert singer. She was born at Lieben, in 

 Bohemia. At the 

 age of seventeen 

 she appeared in 

 Dresden in her 

 first grand opera 

 role, that of Azu- 

 cena in II Tr ova- 

 tore, and for 

 many years 

 thereafter sang in 

 various parts of 

 Germany. In 

 1 883 she was 

 married to a Mr. 

 Heink, and ten ERNESTINE SCHUMANN- 

 years later to HEINK 



Paul Schumann. Madame Schumann-Heink 

 gave her first performance in an American city 

 at the Metropolitan Grand Opera in New York, 

 in 1898, and she occasionally appeared there- 

 after as a guest artist with the Chicago organi- 

 zation. Though she is preeminently successful 

 in the majestic contralto roles of Wagner's 

 operas, her deep, rich voice is enjoyed quite as 

 fully when she sings simple folk songs in her 

 recitals. She raised a large family of children 

 and has simple, domestic tastes. During the 

 War of the Nations two of Madame Schumann- 

 Heink's sons enlisted on the side of America, 

 and one of them fought for Germany. 



SCHURMAN, shoor' mahn, JACOB GOULD 

 (1854- ), an American university president, 

 born at Freetown, Prince Edward Island. He 

 received his early education in Canada, where 

 he won the Gilchrist Dominion Scholarship in 

 1875. Later he studied at the Edinburgh Uni- 

 versity, and, having been elected to the Hib- 

 bert traveling fellowship in 1878, spent two 

 years at Heidelberg and Berlin. When twenty- 

 six years of age he was appointed professor of 

 psychology and English literature in Acadia 

 College. Two years later he was appointed to 

 a similar position at Dalhousie College. In 

 1886 he became a member of the faculty of 



Cornell University, at Ithaca, N. Y., as pro- 

 fessor of philosophy, and in 1891 was made 

 dean of the Sage School of Philosophy at Cor- 

 nell. In 1892 he was elected president of the 

 university. 



President McKinley appointed Professor 

 Schurman chairman of the first United States 

 Philippine Commission in 1899, and he spent a 

 year in the islands. In 1912 he was appointed 

 by President Taft United States minister to 

 Greece and Montenegro. He is the author of 

 Kantian Ethics and the Ethics of Evolution; 

 The Ethical Import of Darwinism; Belief in 

 God, Agnosticism and Religion; A Generation 

 at Cornell; Philippine Affairs, a Retrospect and 

 Outlook and The Balkan Wars, 1912-13, a 

 course of lectures delivered at Princeton. 



SCHURZ, shurtz, CARL (1829-1906), a Ger- 

 man-American soldier, statesman and editor, a 

 champion of freedom in two countries. In the 

 words of former President Eliot of Harvard, 

 he was "the greatest American citizen of Ger- 

 man birth." 



Carl Schurz was 

 born at Liblar, 

 Prussia, and was 

 educated at the 

 University of 

 Bonn, where he 

 aided in the pub- 

 lication of a news- 

 paper of liberal 

 tendencies. H e 

 escaped arrest 

 during the revo- 

 lutionary period 

 in 1848 by hurry- 

 ing to Switzer- CARL SCHURZ 

 land; from there he worked his way to 

 Paris, where he served as correspondent to 

 German papers. He next went to London and 

 then emigrated to America (1852), hoping there 

 to carry out his theories of universal liberty. 

 He became a citizen of Wisconsin, found sup- 

 port as a journalist and lawyer, and became 

 celebrated as an eloquent orator, for he had 

 acquired a remarkable command of English. 

 He was a delegate to the Republican national 

 convention which nominated Lincoln, and was 

 rewarded for his campaign services by appoint- 

 ment as minister to Spain. This position he 

 resigned on the outbreak of the War of Seces- 

 sion. Schurz was commissioned brigadier-gen- 

 eral in 1862 and major-general in 1863, and 

 took part in the battles of Bull Run (second), 

 Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Chattanooga. 



