SHAH JEHAN 



5331 



SHAKESPEARE 



After the death of Cromwell, feeling that 

 the people really wished for the return of roy- 

 alty, he openly and strongly supported the 

 cause of Charles II. The new king raised him 

 to the peerage as 'Baron Ashley, shortly after- 

 wards making him Earl of Shaftesbury and lord 

 chancellor. 



He was a member of the Cabal and sup- 

 ported the Test Acts in favor of Protestants, for 

 which he lost his office. Through false wit- 

 nesses he was given an opportunity to persecute 

 the Catholics, and through him five peers were 

 sent to the Tower of London and over 2,000 

 other persons were imprisoned. He supported 

 the duke of Monmouth and was deserted by 

 his friends. Later he was arrested on a charge 

 of high treason, but released, and entered into 

 further conspiracies until he had to flee to 

 Holland, where he died. 



SHAH JEHAN, shah jehahn' (about 1592- 

 1666), the fifth ruler of the Mogul Empire in 

 India, famed as the builder of one of the most 

 beautiful structures ever erected the Taj Ma- 

 hal, a mausoleum of the emperor's favorite 

 wife. Shah Jehan brought Mohammedan archi- 

 tecture in India to the height of its glory. He 

 founded the modern city of Delhi (which see), 

 and erected there a splendid group of buildings 

 constituting the imperial palace; in one of the 

 buildings stood a throne bearing a marvelously- 

 wrought peacock's tail composed of precious 

 stones. The Pearl Mosque, at Agra, where the 

 Taj Mahal also is located, is another monu- 

 ment to his love for beautiful architecture. 

 Shah Jehan's reign of thirty years (1628-1658) 

 was a turbulent one, and eight years before his 

 death he was deposed by his son Aurunzebe. 

 An illustration of the famous mausoleum is 

 given with the article TAJ MAHAL. 



SHAKERS, or SHAKING QUAKERS, a re- 

 ligious sect that first appeared in England about 

 1747. These people were originally a branch of 

 the Quakers, and were called Shakers because 

 they shook their bodies during their religious 

 services. One of their early leaders, Ann Lee, 

 who claimed that she was the reincarnated 

 Christ, settled in America in 1774 with a few 

 converts and set up a small church near Water- 

 vliet, N. Y. In 1787 the society was made 

 communistic, and was thus the first organiza- 

 tion on that basis in the United States. The 

 seventeen existing communities are found in 

 New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

 Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, Kentucky, Georgia 

 and Florida. The largest community is at 

 Mount Lebanon, N. Y., twenty-five miles 

 southeast of Albany. There are probably not 

 more than 500 Shakers at the present time in 

 the whole country. 



Shakers hold many of the views of the 

 Quakers and, in addition, practice celibacy, 

 hold their property in common and keep them- 

 selves separate from the world. One of Ann 

 Lee's maxims reads: "Put your hands to work 

 and give your hearts to God;" obeying this in- 

 junction, the Shakers have always been indus- 

 trious, believing that work is a help toward 

 attaining the sinless life which they consider 

 to be obligatory. A Shaker village usually con- 

 sists of two or more "families" of thirty or 

 forty persons. To each "brother" is assigned a 

 "sister," who cares for his clothing and other- 

 wise makes him comfortable. Greatest empha- 

 sis is put upon circumspect conduct. Their 

 religious services are not formal, but include a 

 rhythmic march that is supposed to be a sur- 

 vival of the more violent "shakings" of an 

 earlier day. 



THE STORY OF SHAKESPEARE 



Comedy 



Inscription on Shakespeare's Ibmb [ 



Tragedy 



HAKESPEARE, shayk'speer, WILLIAM 

 (1564-1616), the greatest of English poets and 

 dramatists, and according to most critics the 

 greatest literary genius the world has ever 

 known. Of his life comparatively little is 



known, for his own age did not regard him as 

 a supreme genius and made no attempt to keep 

 the record of his sayings and doings ; but to-day 

 the world would give much for such a detailed 

 account of him. There is, however, a certain 



