SHOSHONEAN INDIANS 



5361 



SHOT 



of the Dominion Civil Service Commission. 

 He was born at Kilworth, near London, Ont., 

 and was graduated from Queen's University, 

 at Kingston, in 1883. Later he pursued special 

 studies at the universities of Glasgow and 

 Edinburgh. He joined the staff of Queen's 

 University in 1885, and remained until 1908, 

 when he accepted the appointment to the 

 Civil Service Commission. In 1911 he was 

 created a Companion of the Order of Saint 

 Michael and Saint George (C.M.G.). Among 

 his published writings are Imperial Preferential 

 Trade; Documents Relating to the Constitu- 

 tional History of Canada, 1759-1761 (jointly 

 with A. G. Doughty) and a biography of Lord 

 Sydenham. Together with A. G. Doughty he 

 also edited Canada and Its Provinces, a twenty- 

 four-volume reference work. 



SHOSHONEAN, shosho'nean, INDIANS, a 

 great family of North American tribes who 

 originally occupied a vast territory between 

 the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas. 

 To this group belong the Hopi, the only Sho- 

 shonean tribe that settled in permanent vil- 

 lages and followed the arts of weaving, pottery 

 and agriculture. The other tribes lived a wan- 

 dering life, obtaining a food supply by hunting, 

 fishing and gathering seeds and roots. The 

 Utes and Banaks were the most warlike of the 

 Shoshonean Indians. The group numbered 16,- 

 842 in 1915. 



Related Subjects. The more important Sho- 

 shonean tribes are described in detail in these 

 volumes under the following headings. In addi- 

 tion to them, see INDIANS, AMERICAN. 



Comanche 

 Hopi 



Shoshoni 

 Ute 



SHOSHONI, shosho'nee, or SNAKE, a divi- 

 sion of the Shoshonean group of North Ameri- 

 can Indians, who inhabited the mountainous 

 region of Wyoming and Montana, Central and 

 Southern Idaho, Northeastern Nevada, Eastern 

 Oregon and a small part of Utah west of Great 

 Salt Lake. They were frequently called Snake 

 Indians by those who thought that their tribal 

 sign a waving motion of the first finger 

 stood for snake. The eastern bands were called 

 Horse, or Buffalo, Indians, because they kept 

 horses and sometimes hunted the buffalo. 

 Those farther west were a degraded type, said 

 to be among the lowest order of men. As the 

 barren country was devoid of large game, these 

 Indians depended for food, to a large extent, 

 on fish, small animals, roots and seeds. These 

 western bands were often called Diggers, and 

 336 



sometimes Walkers, because they were too 

 poor to own horses. The eastern tribes lived 

 in teepees, but those in the sagebrush country 

 used brush shelters. The Shoshoni now live on 

 reservations in Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming, 

 and in all number about 3,000. See INDIANS. 

 AMERICAN. 



SHOT, a term formerly used to describe the 

 solid projectiles fired from cannon, but not 

 considered in that sense since the introduction 

 of modern shell. The term shot is now applied 

 only to the smaller projectiles used in sporting 

 weapons called shotguns. Shot for sporting 

 purposes vary considerably in size, according 

 to the purpose for > which intended. For ordi- 

 nary hunting, when the game may be part- 

 ridges, snipe, woodcock or other birds, one 

 ounce or one and one-eighth ounce of small 

 shot are loaded in each cartridge. For larger 

 game larger shot are used. Shot of the sport- 

 ing type are made by pouring the melted lead 

 through the holes of a colander placed at a 

 considerable height above water, the drops of 

 lead naturally assuming globular form and 

 solidifying when coming in contact with the 

 water. The different shot are numbered ac- 

 cording to size. 



SHOT, PUTTING THE, one of the contests in a 

 track and field meet. When the Irish had their 

 national games in 1829 B. c., or when Douglas, 

 in the Lady of the Lake 



sent the fragment through, the sky, 

 A rood beyond the farthest mark, 



a heavy stone was the test of strength. Now 

 an iron ball is used; one weighing sixteen 



PUTTING THE SHOT 



The illustration shows the three principal posi- 

 tions assumed ; the start of the put, just before 

 taking the hop ; landing in the center of the circle 

 just before the final heave ; the finish, with the 

 body thrown forward before the arm shoots out. 



pounds is prescribed for senior athletes and 

 one of twelve pounds for boys. 



Success in shot putting depends upon ability 

 to get the whole force of the body behind the 

 heave. Throwing, in which the arm does more 

 work, is prohibited. The put is made from 



