SIOUX CITY 



5393 



SIOUX FALLS 



the north, and west nearly to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains. In the War of 1812 they aided the Brit- 

 ish. In 1837 they ceded all their lands east of 

 the Mississippi to the United States, and in 

 1851 they ceded 35,000,000 acres west of the 

 Mississippi for $3,000,000. The government 

 failed to carry out the provisions of the trea- 

 ties, and this caused a general uprising of the 

 Sioux in 1862; nearly 1,000 settlers were killed 

 before the Indians were finally subdued. All 

 of the Minnesota Sioux were then removed to 

 Dakota reservations. 



Some of the bands settled in the Black Hills, 

 and when gold was discovered there the United 

 States tried to purchase the tract. Sitting Bull, 

 Spotted Tail and Red Cloud visited Washing- 

 ton in 1875, but President Grant was unable to 

 persuade them to sign a treaty. In June, 1876, 

 an exploring expedition under military guard 

 was attacked in the Black Hills, and a severe 

 battle followed in which General Custer and all 

 of his immediate command were killed. After 

 several encounters the Indians were beaten, and 

 later were pardoned and returned to their Da- 

 kota reservation. Another outbreak in 1890 

 was quelled by General Miles. 



The Sioux represent the highest type of North 

 American Indians in physical courage and in- 

 telligence. Several books and papers printed 

 in their language have been published. They 

 are now settled on various western reservations 

 and number about 22,000. These Indians showed 

 their loyalty in 1917 by enlisting in great num- 

 bers in the volunteer army. Their chief, too 

 old to fight, was made a vice-president of the 

 Red Cross Society. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Custer, George Miles, Nelson Appleton 



Armstrong Siouan Indians 



Indians, American Sitting Bull 



SIOUX CITY, IOWA, the county seat of 

 Woodbury County and the second largest city 

 of the state, ranking next to Des Moines. It 

 is situated on the Missouri River, the western 

 state boundary, at the mouth of the Big Sioux 

 River, 100 miles north of Omaha and 156 miles 

 northwest of Des Moines. The city is served 

 by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chi-r 

 cago & North Western, the Chicago, Milwaukee 

 & Saint Paul, the Saint Paul, Minneapolis & 

 Omaha, the Great Northern and the Illinois 

 Central railroads. River boats handle freight 

 between this and other river towns. The popu- 

 lation, which was 47,828 in 1910, had increased 

 to 57,178 in 1916 (Federal estimate). 

 338 



Sioux City has an area of forty-three square 

 miles, which is greater than that of any other 

 Iowa city, and it is built upon low lands and 

 bluffs along the river. The ' chief features of 

 the city are Stone Park (800 acres), a Federal 

 building erected in 1896 at a cost of $300,000, 

 a $750,000 county courthouse, a Carnegie Li- 

 brary, the Y. M. C. A. building and the Union 

 Depot. Important among the institutions are 

 Morningside College (Methodist Episcopal), 

 Trinity College (Roman Catholic) and a num- 

 ber of hospitals. The leading industrial estab- 

 lishments include railroad shops, stockyards 

 and meat-packing plants, planing mills, brick 

 and tile plants and manufactories of farm im- 

 plements. There is an extensive wholesale 

 trade. 



The place was settled about 1853 and was in- 

 corporated in 1856, and a year later it became 

 a city. In 1910 the commission form of gov- 

 ernment was adopted. During its early years 

 Sioux City was the outfitting place for pros- 

 pectors going to the Black Hills, and was a gov- 

 ernment post for expeditions against the In- 

 dians. It is named for the native Indian tribe, 

 and contains the grave of War Eagle, a famous 

 Sioux chieftain. W.E.H. 



SIOUX FALLS, S. D., the county seat of 

 Minnehaha County, and the largest city of the 

 state. In 1910 it had a population of 14,094; 

 this had increased to 16,499 (Federal estimate) 

 in 1916. Among the foreign-born, Scandina- 

 vians and Germans predominate. Sioux Falls 

 is situated on the Big Sioux River in the south- 

 east corner of the state, 259 miles north and 

 west of Omaha and 317 miles southwest of 

 Minneapolis. Railroads entering the city are 

 the Chicago & North Western, the Chicago, 

 Milwaukee & Saint Paul, the Chicago, Rock 

 Island & Pacific, the Chicago, Saint Paul, Min- 

 neapolis & Omaha, the Great Northern and the 

 Illinois Central. 



Sioux Falls is built upon rolling prairies and 

 has an agreeable and healthful climate. Many 

 of the public buildings are built of a native 

 pink jasper, giving the city an unusually at- 

 tractive appearance. Prominent structures are 

 the Federal building, reconstructed in 1913 and 

 valued at $470,000, the fine county courthouse, 

 the Carnegie Library, the Masonic Temple and 

 several churches of real artistic merit. The 

 city contains the Sioux Falls College (Baptist), 

 All Saints School (Episcopal school for girls), 

 the Lutheran Normal, McKennan and Sioux 

 Falls hospitals, the State Children's Home and 

 the state penitentiary. Sherman (35 acres), 



