SOCIALISM 



5426 



SOCIAL SETTLEMENT 



suffrage for men and women; universal adop- 

 tion of initiative, referendum, recall, and pro- 

 portional representation; the abolition of the 

 veto power of the President; the abolition of 

 the Senate; election of President and Vice- 

 President by direct vote; abolition of the 

 power of the Supreme Court of the United 

 States to pass upon the constitutionality of 

 the laws enacted by Congress; repealing of na- 

 tional laws by referendum vote of the people; 

 abolition of restrictions upon amendments of 

 the Constitution, so that it may be amended 

 by a majority vote of the people; granting the 

 right of suffrage in the District of Columbia, 

 with representation in Congress, and a demo- 

 cratic form of government for local affairs; a 

 democratic form of government for all United 

 States territory; the Bureau of Education to 

 be raised to the rank of a department of the 

 government; extended measures for general 

 education with a plan for vocational training 

 in the useful pursuits; a Bureau of Health and 

 further measures for the conservation of health, 

 with full liberty to all schools of practice; the 

 abolition of Federal District Courts and of 

 United States Circuit Courts of Appeal; a law 

 by which state courts shall have jurisdiction 

 in cases between citizens of the various states 

 and foreign corporations; the election of all 

 judges for a short term; curtailing the power of 

 courts to issue injunctions; the free adminis- 

 tration of the law; the calling of a convention 

 for the revision of the Constitution of the 

 United States. 



As a World Movement. The International 

 Socialist party is represented in every country 

 that has reached an industrial stage. In 1901 

 the Canadian Socialist League was organized, 

 and while the Socialist vote in Canada has not 

 been large, there has been a steady growth 

 noticeable at all elections. In Australia and 

 New Zealand the Socialist party as such has 

 been kept in the background by the powerful 

 labor parties which have led the industrial re- 

 forms, but the Socialists claim that the labor 

 parties", too, are working toward social democ- 

 racy. The South American republics know so- 

 cialism, and there is a Socialist party in Japan. 

 The movement is strongest in Germany, France, 

 Russia and England. The great industrial revo- 

 lution in England during the last quarter of 

 the eighteenth century and the French Revo- 

 lution during a part of the same period were 

 factors in the movement in Europe. 



German Socialists have a great deal of power 

 in the government, as they form the largest 



political party in the country. In France social- 

 ism has a strong influence in national affairs, 

 with considerable representation in the Cham- 

 ber of Deputies, and the party has achieved a 

 number of victories in municipal affairs. Sev- 

 eral Socialist organizations in England have 

 worked together under the name of the Labor 

 Party and have achieved considerable success, 

 with a representation in Parliament of over 

 forty members. E.D.F. 



Consult Spargo's Socialism; Hunter's Socialists 

 at Work; Hardie's From Serfdom to Social Re- 

 former; Hillquit's Socialism in Theory and Prac- 

 tice. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes will make clear many of the refer- 

 ences in the above discussion of socialism and 

 will give added information : 



Minimum Wage 

 Mothers' Pensions 

 Old Age Pensions 

 Recall 



Anarchism 

 Child Labor 

 Communism 

 Convict Labor 

 Income Tax 

 Inheritance Tax 

 Initiative and 

 Referendum 



Sabotage 



Social Democrats 



Suffrage 



Syndicalism 



Labor, Department of Vocational Training 



EMINENT SOCIALISTS 



Bebel, Ferdinand A: Proudhon, Pierre Joseph 



Lassalle, Ferdinand Saint-Simon, Count de 



Marx, Karl 



SOCIAL SETTLEMENT, an institution that 

 represents one phase of the great modern 

 movement for the uplift of humanity. Social 

 settlements are neighborhood centers of help- 

 fulness, located in sections of great cities where 

 there is a never-ending struggle with poverty, 

 vice and ignorance. In these centers men and 

 women of education and culture live and work, 

 coming in personal contact with the sordid and 

 disheartening conditions that surround their 

 less fortunate brothers and sisters. As they 

 strive to bring into the lives of these people 

 something that will lift them above the old 

 level, they themselves are working out the solu- 

 tion of many social and industrial problems. 



Social settlements carry on many activities, 

 as kindergartens, schools in citizenship, clubs, 

 classes, libraries, baths, savings banks, etc., and 

 they usually keep open halls where community 

 groups may hold social, political or religious 

 gatherings. They are headquarters for all kinds 

 of welfare movements, and often institute re- 

 forms that are afterward taken up by the city 

 or state. Their influence reaches far beyond 

 the communities in which they are located, and 

 their residents pass on to the whole educational 

 world the information that they have gained 

 first hand. 



