SOUTH CAROLINA 



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SOUTH CAROLINA 



sent to the Stamp Act Congress and to the 

 Continental Congress. The royal government 

 was overthrown, and a state constitution was 

 framed in May, 1776. 



Statehood. South Carolina took an ag- 

 gressive part in the Revolution, contributing 

 more money than any other colony except 

 Massachusetts, and as much as the other eleven 

 combined. It also furnished many famous sol- 

 diers, among whom were Sumter and Marion. 

 Because of its large number of Tory colonists, 

 South Carolina was torn by bitter feeling and 

 local conflict. Charleston and Fort Moultrie 

 were attacked by the British, and after the sur- 

 render of the latter, the state was overrun by 

 the English troops. Notable battles in South 

 Carolina were Camden, King's Mountain, Hob- 

 kirk's Hill and Eutaw Springs. 



After much discussion the Federal Constitu- 

 tion was ratified in 1788, and South Carolina be- 

 came the eighth of the thirteen original states. 

 The political conflicts were continued between 

 the "low country," or rich planter faction, and 

 the Scotch-Irish settlers of the "up country." 

 The state was strongly anti-Federalist, and ar- 

 dently advocated states' rights and free trade. 

 In 1832, when the Clay Tariff Act was passed 

 by Congress, South Carolina passed the Ordi- 

 nance of Nullification, declaring the act null 

 and void in the state, and secession was averted 

 only by compromise. Under the leadership of 

 John Calhoun, South Carolina became the 

 spokesman of the South and the champion of 

 slavery. 



It was the first state to secede from the 

 Union, and the first battle of the War of Se- 

 cession was fought at Fort Sumter, within its 

 borders. The white population was small, but 

 over 60,000 men joined the Confederate army. 

 Although the state suffered heavy losses during 

 the war, the period of reconstruction was even 

 more disastrous. During the "Carpetbag" gov- 

 ernment of Northern adventurers and negro 

 politicians, crime and corruption were rife. 

 The "Ku-Klux Xlan," which had spread over 

 the South for the purpose of suppressing negro 

 power, had become lawless. The state had re- 

 fused to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment, but 

 had given the negro suffrage. In 1868 a new 

 constitution was adopted, and the state was 

 readmitted into the Union. 



On May 31, 1886, much of Charleston was 

 destroyed by a severe earthquake, and in 1893 

 the state suffered another disaster when the 

 coast was swept by a tidal wave. The remark- 

 able progress jn industry and commerce made 



since the War of Secession by this and the other 

 South Atlantic states was seen in the South 

 Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposi- 

 tion, held at Charleston in 1901-1902. 



Other Items of Interest. The constitution 

 denies the right to hold any state office to any 

 person who does not believe in the existence of 

 a Supreme Being. 



The first printing press within the territory 

 was set up in 1730, and two years later the 

 first newspaper, the South Carolina Gazette, 

 was established. 



The clay yielded by South Carolina is chiefly 

 of two kinds that used for common brick and 

 the "paper clay" used in the manufacture of 

 paper. 



The Edisto, 150 miles in length, is the long- 

 est river entirely within the state. It is navi- 

 gable throughout its length for boats of light 

 draft. 



It is evident to geologists from certain fea- 

 tures that the entire low region of the state 

 was once under water. The old shore line ran 

 through Columbia and Camden. 



The average size of a South Carolina farm 

 is 76.6 acres; the average value about $20 an 

 acre. E.B.P. 



Consult Watson's Handbook of South Carolina; 

 McCrady's The History of South Carolina; 

 White's Making of South Carolina. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes will give much additional informa- 

 tion about South Carolina: 



Anderson 



Charleston 



Columbia 



Calhoun, John C. 

 Carpetbaggers 

 Fort Moultrie 

 Fort Sumter 



CITIES 



Greenville 



Spartanburg 



Sumter 



HISTORY 



Ku-Klux Klan 

 Nullification 

 Reconstruction 

 States' Rights 



Corn 

 Cotton 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Oyster 

 Tobacco 



PHYSICAL FEATURES 



Blue Ridge Savannah River 



Piedmont Region 



SOUTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF, a co- 

 educational state institution located at Colum- 

 bia. It was chartered by the general assembly 

 in 1801 and opened in 1805 as the College of 

 South Carolina. It prospered until the time of 

 the War of Secession, when its halls were used 

 first by the Confederates, then by the Union 

 army, as a hospital. After the war the school 

 was reopened, but was forced to close until 



