SOUTH DAKOTA 



SOUTHEY 



The town of Deadwood is situated nearly a 

 mile above sea level. 



Some of the artesian wells of the state exert 

 a pressure so remarkably strong and regular 

 that they are used for driving machinery and 

 putting out fires. 



In the opening up of many territories settlers 

 gained their right to land by making "clear- 

 ings" that is, by cutting down the trees over 

 a certain portion of their holdings; in the Da- 

 kota region, on the other hand, early home- 

 stead laws required the planting of a certain 

 number of trees. E.B.P. 



Consult Robinson's Brief History of South Da- 

 kota; Armstrong's Early Empire Builders of the 

 Great West. 



Related Subjects. The reader who is inter- 

 ested in the study of South Dakota will find much 

 helpful material in the following articles: 



Aberdeen 



Lead 



Mitchell 



Custer, George 

 Armstrong 



Lewis and Clark 

 Expedition 



Gold 

 Silver 



Bad Lands 

 Black Hills 



CITIES AND TOWNS 



Pierre 

 Sioux Falls 

 Yankton 



HISTORY 



Miles, Nelson A. 

 North Dakota, subhead 



History 

 Sitting Bull 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Wheat 



PHYSICAL FEATURES 



Minnesota River 

 Missouri River 



SOUTH DAKOTA, UNIVERSITY OF, a state in- 

 stitution located at Vermilion, founded by act 

 of the first territorial legislature of 1862. The 

 school was first opened to students in 1883. 

 When the state was admitted to the Union in 

 1889, the university received seventy-two sec- 

 tions of land. Tuition fees are very small, and 

 the annual income is largely from an appro- 

 priation by the state legislature and income 

 from the land grants. The/ university is or- 

 ganized into colleges of arts and sciences, law, 

 medicine, engineering and music. The state 

 conducts its work in geology, natural history, 

 public health and pure food and drugs through 

 the institution. There are about sixty instruc- 

 tors and over 680 students. The library con- 

 tains more than 31,000 volumes. 



SOUTHERN CROSS, a famous constella- 

 tion in the southern hemisphere. Its southern- 

 most star is of the first magnitude, the eastern 

 and northern stars of the second magnitude, 

 and the western star of the third. The four 

 stars are not arranged in the exact form of a 

 cross, therefore to distinguish the constellation 



is difficult except to one long familiar with it. 

 The upper and lower stars, forming the up- 

 right of the cross, are the pointers to the south 

 pole. This constellation is by no means as 

 splendid as many constellations in the northern 

 hemisphere, and is usually considered disap- 

 pointing by those who see it for the first time. 



For explanation of magnitude, see STAR, sub- 

 head Magnitude. 



SOUTHEY, south' i, ROBERT (1774-1843), an 

 English poet and prose writer, associated with 

 Wordsworth and Coleridge in the Lake School. 

 He was born at Bristol, but lived during most 

 of his boyhood with an aunt at Bath, having 

 at an early age lost both parents. He studied 

 at Westminster School, from which he was 

 expelled for writing a satire on flogging, and 

 later at Oxford, where he remained only two 

 years. In 1794, with Coleridge and Lovell, he 

 planned a socialistic colony, or "pantisocracy," 

 to be founded in America, but the scheme was 

 never carried out. In the following year he 

 married Edith Fricker, a sister of the lady who 

 later became Coleridge's wife, and soon after- 

 ward went with his uncle to Portugal. 



After his return to England he established 

 himself with his wife at Keswick, in the Lake 

 District. Here he devoted himself to study and 

 to the production of his numerous and varied 

 writings, working always with great diligence. 

 In 1807 the government granted him a pension 

 of 160 a year, which was later increased to 

 460. The income from his books was also con- 

 siderable. Early in his life Southey had been a 

 pronounced radical in politics, as in religion, 

 but as he grew older he became more and 

 more conservative; and in 1813, when he was 

 appointed poet laureate, he was a stanch 

 Tory. In 1837 his wife died, after a period of 

 insanity, and two years later he married Caro- 

 line Bowles. From the time of his second mar- 

 riage until his death his mind grew weaker and 

 weaker, until it became an absolute blank. 



Southey is to-day ranked higher as a prose 

 writer than as a poet. Indeed, in his own day, 

 Byron, one of the sharpest critics of his poetry, 

 said, "Southey's prose is perfect." Prose was 

 his natural medium of expression, and he him- 

 self felt that he was scarcely justified in put- 

 ting his thoughts into verse, though some of his 

 poems were very popular. Among his poems 

 are Joan of Arc; Thalaba, the Destroyer; Ma- 

 doc; The Curse of Kehama and Roderick, the 

 Last of the Goths, all narratives based on leg- 

 ends and myths, and a Vision of Judgment, 

 written in honor of George III. Some of his 



