SPALDING 



5479 



SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 



was made the king of a new constitutional 

 monarchy. 



Recent History. In 1886 Alfonso XIII suc- 

 ceeded to the throne, with Maria Christina, 

 his mother, as regent. The cruel means em- 

 ployed to quell the rebellion in Cuba brought 

 about the intervention of the United States 

 and resulted in 1828 in the Spanish-American 

 War, and Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philippine 

 Islands passed under the control of the United 

 States. In the years that followed Alfonso XIII 

 did much to build up his exhausted country, 

 but a grave political and economic crisis was 

 caused by the increase in food prices resulting 

 from the War of the Nations, which began in 

 1914. The country was also disturbed by strikes, 

 chiefly among the miners and railroad em- 

 ployees. As a result of a general strike in July, 

 1916, all of Spain was placed under martial law, 

 and there was even a more serious crisis in. the 

 summer of 1917. The country endeavored to 

 maintain strict neutrality in the war. E.B.P. 



Consult Bell's The Magic of Spain; How's 

 Sun and Shadow in Spain; Hume's Modern 

 Spain. 



Related Subjects. The reader who is inter- 

 ested in Spain will find much information in the 

 following articles in these volumes: 



Aimer ia 



Barcelona 



Bilbao 



Cadiz 



Cartagena 



Cordova 



Granada 



CITIES 

 Madrid 

 Malaga 

 Murcia 



Seville 



Valencia 



Valladolid 



HISTORY 



Iberia 



Isabella of Castile 



Maria Christina 



Moors 



Navarre 



Philip II and V 



Sagasta, Praxedes 



Mateo 



Spanish-American War 

 Succession Wars 

 Torquemada, Thomas de 



Alfonso XIII 



Alhambra 



Alva, Duke of 



Armada 



Castile and Aragon 



Charles V (Holy Roman 



Emperor) 

 Ferdinand V 

 Gonsalvo de Cordova 

 Granada 

 Hamilcar Barca 

 Hannibal 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Copper Lead 



Cork Mercury 



Fig Sheep 



Grape Wine 



MOUNTAINS 



Pyrenees Sierra Nevada 



SPALDING, spawl'ding, JOHN LANCASTER 

 (1840- ), an American archbishop of the 

 Roman Catholic Church, was born at Lebanon, 



Ky., and educated at Mount Saint Mary's Col- 

 lege, Emmitsburg, Md., and at the University 

 of Louvain, Belgium. He was ordained a priest 

 in Louvain in 1863, and after studying for a 

 year in Rome returned to the United States, 

 where he was made secretary to the bishop of 

 Louisville. In that city he built Saint Augus- 

 tine's Church for Catholic negroes. From 1872 

 to 1877 he was in New York, where his unusual 

 ability as a preacher won him considerable dis- 

 tinction; and in the latter year he was conse- 

 crated bishop of Peoria, 111. Poor health com- 

 pelled him -to resign in 1908, and in the next 

 year he was created archbishop. 



He was prominent in educational matters, 

 being one of the chief promoters of the Catho- 

 lic University at Washington, and his intelli- 

 gent interest in social and economic questions 

 led to his appointment in 1902 as one of the 

 arbitrators of the anthracite coal strike ques- 

 tion. Because of two attacks of paralysis from 

 which he did not recover fully, he laid down 

 his duties in 1908. His published works include 

 Religious Mission of the Irish People, Educa- 

 tion and the Higher Life, America and Other 

 Poems, Socialism and Labor and Religion and 

 Art and Other Essays. 



SPANIEL, span' y el, a group of dogs of high 

 intelligence, consisting of field and water hunt- 

 ing dogs and several smaller breeds of the 

 fancy or "toy" variety. Among the field hunt- 

 ers are the Clumber, Sussex, Norfolk and 

 Cocker; the best known water spaniels are the 

 Irish breeds. The lap spaniels include the 

 King Charles, the Blenheim and the Japanese. 

 All varieties have long bodies, drooping ears 

 and a thick, silky coat. They show a variety 

 of colors, including liver and white, red and 

 white, and black and white. The spaniels are 

 much prized because of their intelligence, 

 beauty and gentle disposition. 



SPAN'ISH-AMER'ICAN WAR, a brief war 

 in 1898 between Spain and the United States, 

 but important in its effects upon the world. 

 The contest grew out of the severity and in- 

 justice of Spanish colonial administration in 

 Cuba. The policy of successive captains-gen- 

 eral, intrusted with the government of the is- 

 land, had for half a century alternated between 

 ineffectual efforts at conciliation and the ut- 

 most severity. Taxes were heavy, and the 

 island became involved in serious financial diffi- 

 culties. The demand for radical reforms and a 

 measure of self-government became more and 

 more insistent. Revolt succeeded revolt; des- 

 potism on the one hand was matched by an- 



