SPY 



5513 



SQUARE 



opened in 1861, and there he preached for the 

 rest of his life, continuing always to attract 

 great congregations. 



His sermons, marked by a simple yet force- 

 ful style, intense earnestness and unfailing hu- 

 mor, were pub- 

 lished each week, 

 and reached all 

 English - speaking 

 countries. He 

 also wrote The 

 Saint and . His 

 Saviour, J ohn 

 P long h man's 

 Talks, The Treas- 

 ury of David, 

 Types and Em- 

 blems and The 



Present Truth CHARLES H. SPURGEON 

 Present Iruth, probably no more famous 



and edited a preacher has lived in modern 

 monthly maga- times " 



zine, Sword and Trowel. Out of his work at 

 the Tabernacle there grew a system of schools 

 and almshouses, a pastor's college, the Golden 

 Lane Mission and the Stockwell Orphanage. 



The best life of Spurgeon is that by Shindler, 

 published in 1892. 



SPY, in military usage, a term defining any 

 person who, while not wearing the uniform or 

 distinctive badge of his service, mingles with 

 the enemy to obtain information of value to 

 the army he is serving. It is clearly agreed in 

 international warfare that a soldier in uniform, 

 no matter under what circumstances he is 

 taken, cannot be considered a spy. To be con- 

 demned as a spy a person must actually be 

 taken within the lines of the enemy, in dis- 

 guise, or pretending to be other than he really 

 is. Civilians openly carrying messages are not 

 spies, and are not subject to the ignoble death 

 meted out to those who have laid aside their 

 uniform in the endeavor to penetrate the ene- 

 mies' lines. Aviators and balloonists who rec- 

 onnoiter or "spy out" the position of forces 

 are not spies. A spy is one who acts clandes- 

 tinely or under false pretenses. 



Even a spy must receive trial before pun- 

 ishment. An ignoble death, by hanging or 

 shooting, is prescribed in usages of war for all 

 condemned spies. As an illustration of the 

 status of a spy the celebrated case of Major 

 Andre, hanged in 1780, affords a striking ex- 

 ample. He was caught within the lines of the 

 United States army, in disguise. Not being in 

 uniform, he was not entitled to the treatment 

 due to an honorable combatant. He was a spy. 



Had he reached the British lines and afterwards 

 been captured, although known once to have 

 acted as a spy, he must then have been treated 

 simply as any other prisoner of war. 



The term spy is also applied in time of peace 

 to those who try to collect information in one 

 country which then or at any other time would 

 be valuable to another country. Special laws 

 deal with such cases. 



See HALE, NATHAN, for history of a devoted 

 man who sacrificed his life as a spy. 



SQUADRON, skwad'run, a naval and mili- ' 

 tary term describing a division of a regiment 

 of cavalry or fleet of ships. In the United 

 States army a squadron is commanded by a 

 major and consists of from 120 to 200 men, 

 divided into three troops. A naval squadron 

 may consist of a number of from two to eight 

 war vessels, under the command of a junior 

 flag officer. 



SQUARE, a plane figure bounded by four 

 equal straight lines and having four right an- 

 gles (see a in diagram). 



The number of square units in a square is 

 the product of the number of units in the 



SQUARES 

 Explanation of figures appears in the text. 



length and the number of units in the width, 

 as in any rectangle. But since the length and 

 width of a square are equal, the area is found 

 by multiplying one side by itself, or by squar- 

 ing one side. The square of a number is indi- 

 cated by placing the exponent 2 to the right 

 and above the figure denoting the number to- 

 be squared; thus, 4 2 =4X4 or 16. In b of the 

 accompanying illustration we have a square 

 whose sides are each four units in length. The 

 area is therefore 4X4, or 16, square units. 



What is the area of a square city block 600 

 feet long? 



One side = 600 ft. 



Area in sq. ft. = 6002 = 360000 



When the area of a square is known, one 

 side may be found. 



What is the side of a square whose area is 144 

 square feet? 



The problem becomes : What number multi- 

 plied by itself gives 144? It is expressed thus: 



