STAGHOUND 



5521 



STAMMERING 



long and body one and one-half or two inches; 

 and the pinching bug of the Eastern states, an 

 insect that flies by night. The adult stag 

 beetles live in trees and feed on sap and on 

 honey dew. The eggs are deposited in crevices 

 of the bark, where they hatch into soft white 

 worms (larvae). See BEETLE. 



STAGHOUND, a large, white hound with 

 black and tan markings, probably descended 

 from the bloodhound. Its head resembles that 

 of a pointer, but the neck is heavier, the ears 

 more hanging and set lower. There are two 

 strains, the northern and southern. As the 

 name indicates, these dogs were used for hunt- 

 ing red deer, the male of which is called a stag. 

 Staghounds are almost entirely European dogs, 

 and even there they are rapidly being replaced 

 by the foxhound (which see). 



STAINED GLASS, in reality is glass stained 

 by chemical process, but the name is also ap- 

 plied to glass which is painted or otherwise 

 colored, particularly such glass as is used in 

 what are known as stained glass windows. In 

 medieval windows of this kind the color was 

 actually incorporated in the glass by a mixing 

 process in the making of the glass itself. This 

 was called "pot metal." Medieval windows 

 were a patchwork of different colored pieces of 

 glass, made into shapes required by the design 

 of the window and put together in much the 

 same way as a colored picture puzzle. The 

 pieces of glass were generally held together 

 by strips of lead soldered together at intervals. 

 The stained glass of medieval days was not 

 made, as it is now, in large panes. 



The United States leads the world in the 

 manufacture of stained glass, and the excel- 

 lence of the product is largely due to the ef- 

 forts of John La Farge and Tiffany of New 

 York. The processes of manufacture have 

 greatly changed, and it is now easy to obtain 

 effects such as were absolutely impossible with 

 older methods. It was only at the end of the 

 nineteenth century that the art of glass stain- 

 ing assumed commercial importance in America. 

 Previous to that time all stained glass was im- 

 ported, and but poor imitations of the real art 

 could be obtained. The American artists took 

 up glass staining at the point where the medi- 

 eval artists ceased to develop it. The won- 

 derful stained glass windows of European ca- 

 thedrals are priceless chiefly on account of their 

 antiquity. Modern stained glass is superior in 

 effect, coloring and design. So much has the 

 stained glass industry of the United States 

 gained ground that over $3,000,000 is now in- 

 346 



vested in the art, and there is little importation 

 from foreign countries. 



Consult Westlake's A History of Design in 

 Painted Glass; Eden's Ancient Stained and 

 Painted Glass. 



STALACTITES AND STALAGMITES, 



stalak'tites, sta lag 'mites, curious and beauti- 

 ful deposits of limestone which are formed in 

 caves and under stone bridges and arches by the 

 slow trickling of water through cracks and rocks. 

 Stalactites hang from the roofs , like icicles, 

 while stalagmites are like inverted icicles, 

 formed by the drip of water on the floor. 

 Sometimes they grow to meet each other and 

 form columns, or take curious and fantastic 

 shapes. Great caves festooned with stalactites, 

 similar to the wonderful ice caves of the 

 Polar regions, are found at Adelsberg in Styria, 

 Austria, at Jenolan in Australia, in Kentucky 

 (Mammoth Cave) and in Belgium. In the 

 lava, caves of many of the East Indian Islands 

 glistening black stalactites of basalt hang from 

 the roofs. See MAMMOTH CAVE. 



STAM'FORD, CONN., a city in Fail-field 

 County, in the southwest corner of the state, on 

 Long Island Sound and on the New York, New 

 Haven & Hartford Railroad. It is thirty-four 

 miles northeast of New York City and seventy- 

 five miles southwest of Hartford. The popula- 

 tion, which was 25,138 in 1910, had increased 

 to 35,119 in 1916 (Federal estimate). The area 

 is seven and a half square miles. Stamford was 

 settled in 1641, and for two hundred years was 

 principally an agriqultural community. It was 

 incorporated in 1893, and is an attractive resi- 

 dential city with several important manufactur- 

 ing establishments. Features of special note 

 are the town hall, state armory, Federal build- 

 ing, Y. M. C. A. building, Ferguson Library (a 

 beautiful example of colonial architecture), 

 Stamford Hospital and churches. Along the 

 Sound is Halloween Park (eighty-eight acres), 

 and throughout the city are a number of small 

 parks and playgrounds. The city has several 

 excellent private schools. Stamford is noted 

 as the city in which Yale locks are manufac- 

 tured. Other important manufactures are 

 stoves and ranges, submarine cables, tanning 

 extracts, pianos and paints. 



STAMMERING, stam'ering, a defect of 

 speech resulting from imperfect action of the 

 muscles used in articulation. There are sev- 

 eral varieties of stammering. A common form, 

 also known as stuttering, is the affliction of 

 those who repeat several times the first syllable 

 of certain words, especially those beginning 



