STANDARD OIL COMPANY 



5523 



STANDARD TIME 



Congress. Though the act was repealed in 

 March, 1766, the right to tax the colonies was 

 reiterated. The repeal of the Stamp Act only 

 led to another and heavier tax which resulted 

 in open defiance on the part of the colonies, 

 the closing of the port of Boston by England 

 and the ultimate break between the colonies 

 and the mother country. See REVOLUTIONARY 

 WAR IN AMERICA. 



Consult Howard's Preliminaries of the Revolu- 

 tion. 



STANDARD OIL COMPANY. Until a de- 

 cree given in 1911 by the Supreme Court of 

 the United States was put into effect, there 

 existed in America a powerful petroleum 



The Standard Oil combination, perhaps the 

 most powerful industrial organization that has 

 ever existed, was a monument to John D. 

 Rockefeller and his associates. Mr. Rockefeller 

 built his first petroleum refinery in Cleveland 

 in 1862, three years after the world's first oil 

 well was bored. By thorough efficiency and by 

 securing rate favors from the railroads he be- 

 came the undisputed leader in the industry. In 

 1872 he organized a secret combination of the 

 larger refineries, and ten years later incorpo- 

 rated the Standard Oil Company of NewJersey. 



Consult Montague's The Rise and Fall of the 

 Standard Oil Company; Tarbell's History of the 

 Standard Oil Company. 



THE ZONES OF STANDARD TIME 



"trust," consisting of nearly seventy oil com- 

 panies controlled by the Standard Oil Company 

 of New Jersey. In obedience to the court's or- 

 der the New Jersey company distributed among 

 its stockholders its holding in thirty-three com- 

 panies, including the Standard Oil companies of 

 six other states; nominally, at least, there is 

 no longer an oil "combine" in the United 

 States. But the old holding company still con- 

 trols the Imperial Oil Company, Ltd. (which 

 has almost a monopoly of the Canadian petro- 

 leum trade) and a number of foreign com- 

 panies, among them a powerful German com- 

 pany. 



STANDARD TIME, the system by which 

 time is now measured in the daily affairs of 

 life. When the sun is on the meridian of any 

 particular place, the time at that place is noon. 

 This is true solar time, or sun time. As the 

 earth turns on its axis from west to east, the 

 sun appears to travel from east to west, and 

 the point at which the sun is on the meridian 

 is likewise moving from east to west. Thus, 

 the sun is on the meridian at Cincinnati about 

 an hour later than at New York; in other 

 words, when it is noon by sun time in New 

 York, it is only 11:00 o'clock in Cincinnati. 

 At all places east of New York it is afternoon, 



