STANLEY 



5525 



STANLEY 



and some study of law in his home town, he 

 went to Port Washington, Wis., in 1849, and 

 there practiced law for three years. He was 

 not very successful, so he moved to California 

 to try gold mining. In this he made consider- 

 able money, but the real basis of his fortune 

 of $50,000,000 was a mercantile business which 

 he established at San Francisco in 1856. In 

 1860 he entered politics as a delegate to the 

 convention that nominated Lincoln, and in 1861 

 was elected governor of California. In the lat- 

 ter year he was chosen president of the Central 

 Pacific Railway, then under construction, and 

 did such successful lobbying at Washington 

 that Congress granted large government aid 

 for the road. Stanford was then requested by 

 the directors to take personal charge of the 

 building of that part of the line crossing the 

 Sierra Nevada Mountains, and he established 

 the remarkable record of laying 530 miles of 

 mountain road in 293 days. 



Founded a Great University. From 1885 to 

 1891 he was United States Senator from Cali- 

 fornia, but after 1885 the chief interest of his 

 life was in Leland Stanford Junior University, 

 at Palo Alto, Cal., a memorial to his son, who 

 died in Rome, Italy, at the age of sixteen. The 

 father and mother, almost crushed by this loss, 

 determined to found an institution of such 

 rank that the boy's name should never be for- 

 gotten. Accordingly, in November, 1885, Stan- 

 ford donated $20,000,000 for this purpose, and 

 each year added gifts of lands, buildings and 

 securities. After his death, Mrs. Stanford pre- 

 sented further securities amounting to $18,000,- 

 000, her residence, valued at $400,000, and 1,000,- 

 000 acres of land, valued at $12,000,000. 



The university erected to the memory of 

 their boy is therefore the richest in the world, 

 as well as one of the highest in scholarship. 

 Leland Stanford died at Palo Alto, where in 

 later years his widow erected one of the most 

 beautiful of American churches to his memory. 



STANLEY, FREDERICK ARTHUR, EARL OF 

 DERBY. See DERBY, FREDERICK ARTHUR STAN- 

 LEY. 



STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (1841-1904), 

 whose baptismal name was JOHN ROWLANDS, 

 was one of the greatest of the world's explorers, 

 famous for his discoveries in Africa. He was 

 born at Denbigh, Wales. His youth was one 

 of hardships, for his father died when Stanley 

 was but two years old, and his relatives were 

 too poor to care for him. In 1857, after spend- 

 ing ten years in a workhouse, he sailed as cabin 

 boy on a vessel to New Orleans. Here he at- 



tracted the favorable notice of a merchant 

 named Stanley, who adopted him and gave him 

 his name, but who died without making pro- 

 vision for him. 



At the outbreak of the War of Secession 

 young Stanley 

 joined the Con- 

 federate army, 

 fought at Shiloh, 

 and was there 

 taken prisoner. 

 In 1863, after a 

 visit to Wales, he 

 entered the 

 United States 

 navy, becoming 

 ensign on the Ti- 

 conderoga. 

 Graduall he took 



up newspaper 



HENRy M gTANLEY 

 He opened the Dark Con . 



work, and his tinent" to the knowledge of 



man and to the territorial 



pluck and deter- schemes of the nations of 



mination made Europe ' 

 him particularly valuable as a correspondent in 

 difficult and dangerous situations. After repre- 

 senting the New York Herald in Abyssinia and 

 in Spain, he was commissioned by that paper in 

 1869 to "go and find Livingstone." He spent 

 a year in Egypt, Constantinople, the Crimea, 

 Palestine and Persia, on various missions for 

 the Herald, and then embarked for Africa, in 

 October, 1870. See LIVINGSTONE, DAVID. 



His African Service. Starting from Zanzibar 

 in February, 1871, Stanley pushed on to Ujiji, 

 on Lake Tanganyika, where he found Living- 

 stone. His first speech when he saw the vet- 

 eran explorer was characteristic: "Dr. Living- 

 stone, I presume?" At Ujiji he remained for 

 four months, and as the older explorer refused 

 to accompany him back to civilization he left 

 supplies and returned to Europe in 1872. 



Two years later, after the death of Living- 

 stone, Stanley returned to Africa to carry on 

 explorations beyond the point which Living- 

 stone had reached. He set out from Zanzibar 

 in November, 1874, with three white men and 

 over three hundred natives, and pushed on into 

 the interior. He sailed about Victoria Nyanza, 

 proving it to be a great lake and not a succes- 

 sion of lagoons, discovered Lake Albert Ed- 

 ward, and in 1876 began what was at once the 

 most perilous and the most important part of 

 his enterprise. This was a journey down the 

 Congo, from its source to its mouth. All of his 

 white companions and half of his native car- 

 riers had died before he emerged on the At- 



