STANOVOI MOUNTAINS 



5526 



STANTON 



lantic coast in August, 1877, but the course of 

 the great waterway into the heart of Africa 

 had been made clear. 



A direct result of this exploration of the 

 Congo was the founding of the Congo Free 

 State, in the interests of which Stanley spent 

 in Africa the years from 1879 to 1884. Stations 

 were founded, treaties were made with the na- 

 tives, and much additional geographic informa- 

 tion was collected. In 1886 he visited the 

 Egyptian Sudan, his object being the relief of 

 Emin Pasha, and on this expedition he again 

 crossed the continent from coast to coast, pass- 

 ing, as he said, through "miles and miles, end- 

 less miles, of forest." This was his last trip to 

 Africa, but he had proved himself one of the 

 greatest and most successful of explorers and 

 had contributed more to the knowledge of the 

 "Dark Continent" than any other man, with 

 the exception of Livingstone. 



Career in England. Stanley had been through 

 all his years of active work a citizen of the 

 United States, but in 1892 he was renatural- 

 ized as a citizen of Great Britain. At the wish 

 of his wife, Dorothy Tennant, whom he had 

 married in 1890, he stood for Parliament, to 

 which he was elected in 1895, as member from 

 North Lambeth. Many honors were conferred 

 upon him, and his books attained a wide popu- 

 larity. These, which include How I Found Liv- 

 ingstone; My Kalulu; Through the Dark Con- 

 tinent; In Darkest Ajrica, and My Dark Com- 

 panions, have a charm and a dramatic force 

 which are rare in books of travel. 



Stanley's great success was due primarily to 

 his inflexible will, which took no account of 

 apparently insuperable difficulties, and to his 

 natural ability to deal with savage peoples. He 

 was always truthful and kind in his dealings 

 with the natives, but did 1 not hesitate to force 

 them to do his will if gentler measures failed 

 and their aid was absolutely essential. A.MC c. 



Besides the books by himself referred to above, 

 consult The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton 

 Stanley, prepared by his wife ; Rowland's Henry 

 M. Stanley: The Story of His Life. 



STANOVOI, stahnovoi', MOUNTAINS, a 

 range of mountains in Siberia, running from 

 the Mongolian frontier in a northeasterly di- 

 rection, terminating at East Cape, on Bering 

 Strait. An offshoot extends in a southerly di- 

 rection through the peninsula of Kamchatka. 

 The entire length of the range is about 3,000 

 miles, and the system is more in the nature 

 of a rugged, elevated plateau than a qhain of 

 mountains. The greatest height is attained in 



Mount Tehokhondo, a little over 8,000 feet 

 above sea level. The drainage from its slopes 

 feeds numerous rivers, the most important of 

 which are the Lena, Amur and Yenisei. In 

 the extreme northeast the Stanovoi range forms 

 the dividing line between the Pacific and At- 

 lantic oceans. 



The Stanovoi can hardly be regarded as a 

 separate mountain system, being in reality a 

 continuation of the Yablonoi range, which is 

 similar in formation and appearance. As far 

 north as the parallel of 60 the lower slopes 

 are densely forested, but further north they 

 become bare and desolate. The whole range is 

 rich in minerals, but it is practically undevel- 

 oped, such mining as has been carried on be- 

 ing done by convicts and exiles banished from 

 Russia, under government control, until 1917, 

 when the revolution freed the exiles and gave 

 them courage to promote private mining enter- 

 prises. 



STANTON, EDWIN MCMASTERS (1814-1869), 

 an American statesman, who became the fa- 

 mous Secretary of War in President Lincoln's 

 Cabinet. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio. 

 After two years of study at Kenyon College, 

 he studied law 

 and was admitted 

 to the bar in 1836. 

 In 1856 he moved 

 to Washington, 

 D. C., where he 

 had considerable 

 practice before 

 the United States 

 Supreme Court. 

 He succeeded 

 Jeremiah Black as 

 Attorney- General 



EDWIN M. STANTON 



The only President of the 

 in 1860. Always United States who was ever 

 rmtsmnVon Qfan impeached suffered that in- 

 uui&puKeu, oiaii- Dignity because of a quarrel 

 ton made no con- with Stanton. 

 cealment of his violent opposition to slavery, 

 and Lincoln confidently made him Secretary of 

 War, although he and Stanton were hardly 

 friends. Stanton showed a genius for adminis- 

 tration and for sure, rapid judgments, which 

 made his conduct of his office extremely effi- 

 cient. To him, almost as much as to Lincoln, 

 and surely as much as to any general in the 

 war, the successful outcome of the struggle 

 may be attributed. 



Stanton's blunt statements, his tactlessness 

 and his pitiless judgments made many ene- 

 mies. Lincoln overlooked his faults, but after 

 Johnson became President the two clashed in- 



