STERNE 



5550 



STETTLER 



newspapers and the cheapest editions of books. 

 For work of a higher grade the stereotype has 

 been replaced by the electrotype. See ELEO 



TROTYPING. 



STERNE, sturn, LAURENCE (1713-1768), an 

 English author who had a distinct part in the 

 development of the. novel as a form of litera- 

 ture. He was born at Clonmel, Ireland, and 

 as his father was an officer in the army, the 

 boy's early years were spent in traveling from 

 place to place with the regiment. In 1736 he 

 was graduated from Cambridge, and two years 

 later was ordained and given a pastorate in 

 Yorkshire. There he lived for twenty years, 

 performing the duties of a country clergyman 

 and delighting in the works of the old humor- 

 ists and romancers. With the publication of 

 the first two volumes of Tristram Shandy in 

 1759 his seclusion ended, for at once the book 

 became very popular and the author was much 

 in demand in London society. Seven other 

 volumes of the work appeared within the next 

 eight years, and Sterne's popularity increased. 

 A journey on the Continent in 1765 resulted in 

 A Sentimental Journey through France and 

 Italy, which became the book of the moment 

 in England, France and Germany. Sterne lived 

 but a month after its publication. 



These two works, his only ones except a 

 volume of sermons and some letters, have the 

 fault of the time in which they were written, 

 which did not demand delicacy in its authors. 

 The sentimentality, too, seems obvious and 

 overdone to a present-day reader; but the 

 merits of the books are no less positive than 

 their faults. Humor pervades the pages, and 

 the easy, rambling style fits excellently the 

 content. More important than all else, Sterne 

 was a real creator of character, and some of 

 the figures from his writings, notably Uncle 

 Toby, from Tristram Shandy, will live as long 

 as English is read. 



STETHOSCOPE, steth' o skohp, a device 

 used by physicians in examining the heart and 

 lungs. Tests are made by listening to the 

 sounds of these organs, as irregularities indicate 

 certain diseases (see HEART, subhead Sounds of 

 the Heart). The simplest type of this instru- 

 ment is a wooden tube about a foot long, hol- 

 low through the center and widening out at 

 one end into a bell-shaped flange, which is 

 placed against the chest. The other end is pro- 

 vided with an earpiece. A later device is 

 equipped with two earpieces, joined to the 

 chestpiece by rubber tubes. An instrument on 

 the same order, but much more delicate, is 



known as a phonendoscope. It is a shallow, 

 metal cup having attached to it two rubber 

 ear tubes and a small rod ending in a button, 

 the latter being placed against the chest. 

 When the sounds must be determined with 

 great exactness this instrument is considered 

 preferable to the stethoscope. 



STETTIN, steh teen' , one of the chief cen- 

 ters of German shipbuilding, and the capital of 

 the Prussian province of Pomerania. It is 

 situated on both sides of the Oder, eighty-three 

 miles northeast of Berlin. Stettin is one of 

 the foremost ports of Germany and is an im- 

 portant station on the route to the Baltic and 

 Scandinavia. Because of the rapid develop- 

 ment of German shipbuilding and the effort to 

 make the empire a great maritime country; the 

 city is growing rapidly, and it now possesses 

 some of the largest dockyards in the empire. 



Stettin carries on a vast trade in wood, corn, 

 petroleum, wine and fish, and is the seat of 

 extensive industries, including the manufacture 

 of clothing, sugar, chemicals and machinery. 

 The clothing industry alone gives employment 

 to more than 10,000 workers. The places of 

 greatest interest are the Municipal Museum, 

 the town hall, the churches of Saint Peter and 

 Saint James, and the old Ducal Palace. The 

 latter is a sixteenth-century structure with 

 modern renovations, and it now contains the 

 law courts and government offices. Population 

 in 1910, 236,113. 



STETTLER, stet'ler, a town in Central Al- 

 berta, the distributing point for a prosperous 

 mixed-farming region. It is served by the La- 

 combe branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway 

 and by two branches of the Canadian North- 

 ern. It lies slightly east of a straight line be- 

 tween Calgary and Edmonton, and is 105 miles 

 south of Edmonton and 154 miles north of Cal- 

 gary by rail. Camrose is fifty-seven miles 

 north and Red Deer is about forty miles west 

 of Stettler. Population in 1911, 1,444; in 1916, 

 estimated, 2,000. 



The important manufacturing establishments 

 of Stettler are a flour mill, with a daily ca- 

 pacity of 100 barrels, and a cigar factory em- 

 ploying about a hundred hands. The storage 

 and shipment of grain and the distribution of 

 farm implements are the important branches 

 of trade. Fishing and shooting in the vicinity 

 are good, and Buffalo Lake, twelve miles north, 

 is a favorite summer resort. Stettler owns and 

 operates its waterworks and electric-lighting 

 plant. The town was founded about 1901, and 

 was named for one of the early settlers. 



