STEUBEN 



5551 



STEVENSON 



BARON STEUBEN 



STEUBEN, stu'ben, FREDERICK WILLIAM 

 AUGUSTUS, Baron von (1730-1794), a brave Ger- 

 man soldier who sailed to America during the 

 Revolutionary War to aid the colonial forces. 

 When Steuben offered his services to Congress 

 he was a veteran 

 of two European 

 wars, with a thor- 

 ough knowledge 

 of military tac- 

 tics, and Wash- 

 ington made good 

 use of him, send- 

 ing him to Valley 

 Forge immedi- 

 ately to drill the 

 raw colonial 

 troops and estab- 

 lish an efficient military regime. -As soon as he 

 had the troops in one section trained, he was 

 transferred to another section to "collect, or- 

 ganize and discipline" more recruits. After the 

 war he spent the rest of his life in the United 

 States. New York, Virginia, Pennsylvania and 

 New Jersey gave him grants of land for his 

 services, and Congress voted him a gold-hilted 

 sword and a pension of $2,400. 



STEUBENVILLE , stu'benvil, OHIO, the 

 count}' seat of Jefferson County, is on the west 

 bank of the Ohio River near the place where 

 the river becomes the eastern state boundary. 

 It is forty miles west and south of Pittsburgh 

 and twenty-three miles north of Wheeling, and 

 is on the Pennsylvania, the Pittsburgh, Cincin- 

 nati, Chicago & Saint Louis and the Wheeling 

 & Lake Erie railroads and electric interurban 

 lines. The area exceeds three square miles. 

 The population, which in 1910 was 22,391, had 

 increased to 27,445 in 1916 (Federal estimate). 

 Prominent features of the city are the city 

 hall, courthouse, public library, Gill Hospital 

 and parks. 



The surrounding country is a fertile agricul- 

 tural section, and the natural wealth of the 

 vicinity includes large deposits of coal, which 

 is extensively mined, petroleum, natural gas, 

 clay and quarries of fine building stone. Iron 

 and steel works, foundries and machine shops, 

 and manufactories of pottery, paper, tin plate, 

 glass and glassware are the leading, industrial 

 plants. Fort Steuben was built in 1787. The 

 town was planned in 1798 and it received a city 

 charter in 1851. 



STEVENS, ste'venz, THADDEUS (1792-1868), 

 an American statesman, orator and leader in 

 Congress, one of the most aggressive of the 



antislavery leaders. He was born at Danville, 

 Vt., was graduated at Dartmouth College in 

 1814, and for a time taught school at York, 

 Pa. Later he studied law and began practice 

 in Gettysburg. He served in the state legisla- 

 ture and in the constitutional convention, and 

 in 1848 and again in 1850 was elected to Con- 

 gress, where he was a strong opponent of the 

 fugitive slave laws, the Kansas-Nebraska Bill 

 and all other measures favorable to Southern 

 interests. In 1858 he was again elected to 

 Congress, becoming the acknowledged leader 

 of the House and Chairman of the Ways and 

 Means Committee. He was bitterly hostile to 

 the seceding states and was a pronounced advo- 

 cate of emancipation and the enfranchisement 

 of the negro. In 1868, in a speech in Congress, 

 he proposed the impeachment of President 

 Johnson, and was one of the committee named 

 to prepare the articles of impeachment. 



STEVENSON, ste'venson, ADLAI EWING 

 (1835-1914), an American statesman, Vice- 

 President of the United States during Cleve- 

 land's second administration. He was born in 

 Christian County, Ky., and was educated at 

 Centre College, in the same state. After com- 

 pleting a course in law he was admitted to the 

 bar in 1857 and began practice in Illinois. 

 Having become active in the state Democratic 

 party, he was elected to Congress in 1874. 

 After the election of President Cleveland he 

 was appointed first assistant Postmaster-Gen- 

 eral, and in 1892 was elected Vice-President of 

 the United States on the ticket with Grover 

 Cleveland. On the expiration of his term 

 Stevenson was appointed a member of the 

 American commission on the adoption of in- 

 ternational bimetallism. He was again a nomi- 

 nee for the Vice-Presidency in 1900, on the 

 ticket with William J. Bryan, but failed of 

 election. In 1908 he was the Democratic nomi- 

 nee for governor in Illinois, but was defeated 

 by Deneen. His chief published work was a 

 book of political reminiscences. 



STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850), a Scotch 

 engineer who built the famous Bell Rock light- 

 house, overcoming what would almost appear 

 insurmountable difficulties, was born at Glas- 

 gow. 



Being appointed engineer and superintendent 

 of Scottish lighthouses, he earnestly devoted 

 himself to the task of rendering navigation 

 more safe. He erected twenty-three light- 

 houses on the coasts of Great Britain, and was 

 the inventor of the flash or intermittent light 

 now universally adopted. 



