STURM 



5596 



STUYVESANT 



season, though some species are permanent 

 denizens of fresh waters. Their food, consist- 

 ing of small marine animals and plant life, is 

 sucked into the mouth. 



One of the best-known species is the common 

 sturgeon, found in European waters and along 



LAKE STURGEON 



the American coast from Maine to South Caro- 

 lina. In the United States the supply of this 

 sturgeon is rapidly declining because of the 

 indiscriminate slaughter of the fish which as- 

 cend the streams at spawning time. The larg- 

 est specimens are ten feet long and weigh as 

 much as 500 pounds. Other species include the 

 white sturgeon of the American Pacific coast, 

 the largest American fish of this group; the 

 lake sturgeon, a denizen of the Great Lakes 

 and of the Mississippi Valley waters; and the 

 great Russian beluga, which sometimes reaches 

 a weight of 3,000 pounds. This fish has fur- 

 nished the greater part of European caviar. 

 Another Russian sturgeon, the small sterlet, is 

 also the source of this delicacy. 



STURM, shtoorm, JOHANNES (1507-1589), 

 one of the most influential educators of the 

 sixteenth century. He was born in Germany, 

 near Cologne, studied at Leyden and Louvain, 

 and in 1536 was put in charge of the educa- 

 tional system of Strassburg. This he organized 

 so successfully that it was copied by other cities 

 in Germany and became famous throughout 

 Europe. For forty-three years he was director 

 of the Strassburg Gymnasium, which was 

 founded by him, and he achieved especial dis- 

 tinction by reason of his careful graduation of 

 its course of study. As an earnest advocate of 

 the reformed religion he insisted also that edu- 

 cation must have a spiritual side, and he came 

 to be looked upon as the greatest educator that 

 the Reformed Church had produced. 



STUTTGART, shtoot' gahrt, a city of Ger- 

 many, noted for its beautiful situation and fine 

 streets, squares and buildings. Stuttgart is the 

 capital of the kingdom of Wiirttemberg, and 

 lies 115 miles northwest of Munich. It is situ- 

 ated at an elevation of nearly 900 feet above 

 the sea, not far from the Neckar River, and is 

 surrounded by verdant hills covered with vine- 

 yards and woods. About it are many attractive 



suburbs. A handsome avenue, the Kom'g- 

 strasse (King Street), intersects the city diag- 

 onally, dividing it into the upper and the lower 

 town. Most of the buildings are stately exam- 

 ples of Renaissance architecture; they include 

 the royal theater, the palace of the crown 

 prince, the royal public library, containing over 

 600,000 volumes, a collection of early paintings 

 and a museum of antiquities, the new courts 

 of justice, the palace of William II, and one 

 of the finest railway stations in Germany. 

 Handsome churches, art museums and educa- 

 tional institutions are numerous, and the city 

 is beautified by statues, parks and gardens. 



Stuttgart is the chief center in South Ger- 

 many of the printing and book-publishing in- 

 dustry, and its manufactures are numerous and 

 varied. They include furniture, carriages, pa- 

 per, leather, jewelry, cigars and other commodi- 

 ties. There is a prosperous trade in cloth, hops 

 and horses. The city was the birthplace of the 

 philosopher Hegel. Population in 1910, 286,218. 



STUYVESANT, sti'vesant, PETER or PETRUS 

 (1602-1682), the last Dutch ^governor of co- 

 lonial New York, or New Netherland, as "it was 

 then called, was born in Holland. The exact 

 place of his birth is not known, nor are any 

 facts about his youth and education to be ob- 

 tained. It is certain that he served as a soldier 

 in the West Indies, and at the age of forty-two 

 was director or governor of one of the colonies 

 founded on those islands by the Dutch West 

 India Company. Two years later he lost a 

 leg while leading the Dutch against the Portu- 

 guese on the island of Saint Martin, and the 

 company as a reward made him governor of 

 New Netherland. 



He arrived at New York in May, 1647, and 

 immediately began to make enemies by his 

 arbitrary methods. Undoubtedly, however, he 

 restored order and business confidence and 

 quieted the Indians, who had been treated 

 without mercy by the previous governor, Wil- 

 liam Kieft. In 1650 he settled with the New 

 England colonists the northern boundaries of 

 the Dutch colony, and further aroused the 

 wrath of his subjects by granting too much ter- 

 ritory to the Puritans. Five years later he 

 captured all of New Sweden, including the 

 present state of Delaware, and made it a part 

 of New Netherland. 



Stuyvesant was unbending, and had un- 

 bounded confidence in himself. When in 1653 

 a convention of Long Island citizens demanded 

 a share in the government, he replied: "We 

 derive our authority from God and the Com- 



