SUCKER 



5611 



SUDAN 



very great historical importance except for the 

 fact that by accepting the mediation of Russia 

 the powers recognized that country as a mem- 

 ber of the family of European nations, and its 

 influence increased from that time. E.D.F. 



Related Subjects. For other details as to the 

 Succession Wars, the reader is referred to the 

 following articles in these volumes : 



Aix-la-Chapelle, 

 subhead Treaties of 

 Aix-la-Chapelle 



Blenheim 



Charles VI (Holy 

 Roman Emperor) 



Eugene, Franqois 



French and Indian Wars, 



Frederick II (of 



Prussia) 



Louis XIV (of France) 

 Maria Theresa 

 Marlborough, Duke of 

 Pragmatic Sanction 

 Spain, subtitle Govern- 

 ment and History 



subheads Queen Anne's Utrecht, Peace of 



War and King George's 



War 



SUCK'ER, the name given to several kinds 

 of fish belonging to the catfish family, which 

 have mouths with thick, fleshy lips. There are 

 several species, all of moderate size, and all, 

 except one Siberian group, natives of North 



THE SUCKER 



America. They are dull-colored except in 

 spring, when the males have rose or orange 

 markings. Suckers are found in rivers, lakes, 

 bayous and mill ponds, where they obtain their 

 food by sucking up mud and soft organisms 

 from the bottom. They are little used for 

 food, because the flesh is soft and tasteless. 



SUCK 'LING, SIR JOHN (1609-1642), an Eng- 

 lish lyrical poet of the metaphysical group, 

 born at Whitton, Middlesex, and educated at 

 Cambridge. He fought under Gustavus Adol- 

 phus, amused and startled London with his 

 wit, bravado and spendthrift habits, and spent 

 immense sums of money for the king in the 

 conflict with Cromwell. Accused of taking part 

 in the plot to release Strafford from the Tower, 

 he fled to the continent, was arrested, tried 

 before the Spanish Inquisition and released, 

 then returned to Paris and there poisoned him- 

 self. His Why So Pale and Wan, Fond Lover; 

 A Ballad upon a Wedding and / Prithee Send 

 Me Back My Heart are famous. 



SUCRE, soo'kra, the official capital of Bo- 

 livia, known as CHUQUISACA until 1826, when it 

 was named Sucre in honor of the first Presi- 

 dent of the republic. Though Sucre is officially 

 the seat of government, La Paz (which see) is 

 the actual legislative and executive capital. 

 The former is, however, the seat of the Su- 

 preme Court of Bolivia. Sucre lies in the midst 

 of picturesque mountain scenery on a plateau 

 9,328 feet above sea level, and is situated on a 

 small tributary of the Pilcomayo, 318 miles 

 southeast of La Paz. It was famous in colonial 

 days for its wealth, which was derived from the 

 silver mines in the vicinity, and monuments to 

 its former grandeur are seen in its buildings and 

 institutions. Its Saint Xavier University, with 

 schools of law, medicine and theology, is re- 

 puted to be the oldest in South America. The 

 city has mining and agricultural interests. It 

 was founded in 1536 and was originally called 

 La Plata. Population, estimated in 1915, 

 29,686. 



SUDAN, or SOUDAN, soo dahn' , a vast re- 

 gion of Central Africa, about twice the size of 

 Canada's Northwest Territories, extending from 

 the Sahara Desert on the north to Congo Free 

 State on the south, and from French Sene- 

 gambia on the west to Egypt. The region is 

 inhabited by negro and Arab tribes, but is 

 controlled by European powers; the extreme 

 western section is under French influence, and 

 the eastern section, or Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 

 is governed by the British. In this latter the 

 natives are given the less important govern- 

 ment positions, but the governor and his assist- 

 ants are British officers; however, Darfur, a 

 district within the limits of the English Sudan, 

 is still ruled by its hereditary sultan. . 



The northern plains of the Sudan, which are 

 continuations of the Sahara Desert, are practi- 

 cally barren, but in the western and southern 

 districts, watered by the Niger and Congo 

 rivers, vegetation is luxuriant. Bananas and 

 other tropical fruits, sugar, rice and cotton are 

 raised and exported. Great forests yielding 

 gums, rubber and ebony border the streams, 

 on which navigation in the light native boats 

 is usually dangerous because of the numerous 

 .crocodiles and hippopotami. Around Lake 

 Chad there are dense, swampy jungles in- 

 habited by herds of wild elephants. These re- 

 gions furnish most of the world's supply of 

 ivory and gum arabic. 



In the eastern section, where there is less 

 vegetation, the natives raise large herds of cat- 

 tle, camels, sheep and ostriches. Cattle raising 



