TANEY 



5697 



TANGIER 



the siege of Jerusalem he secured much booty 

 and strengthened his power, shortly thereafter 

 being made prince of Galilee. Between the 

 years 1100 and 1103 he served as regent of 

 Antioch during Bohemund's captivity. Two 

 years later the power was restored to Tancred, 

 who had by this time also secured possession 

 of the government of Edessa. In 1107 his 

 strength wrested Cilicia from the Greeks, and 

 constantly his attacks were directed against 

 Northern Syria. Tasso has immortalized the 

 name of Tancred in his famous Jerusalem De- 

 livered. 



TANEY, taw'ni, ROGER BROOKE (1777-1864), 

 one of the most famous Chief Justices of the 

 United States Supreme Court, the jurist who 

 gave the decision in the famous Dred Scott 

 Case (see DRED SCOTT DECISION). This verdict 

 was one of the important factors in the anti- 

 slavery struggle that helped to bring on the 

 War of Secession. Taney was born in Calvert 

 County, Maryland, and was educated at Dick- 

 inson College (Pennsylvania). After studying 

 law in Annapolis he was admitted to the Mary- 

 land bar in 1799, and a few years later estab- 

 lished himself in Baltimore. President Andrew 

 Jackson appointed him Attorney-General in 

 1831, and in 1836 he succeeded John Marshall 

 as Chief Justice. 



TANGANYIKA, tahngahnye'kah, the long- 

 est fresh-water lake in the world, and one of 

 the deepest, situated in the east-central part of 

 Africa, 175 miles southwest of Victoria Nyanza 

 (see map, opposite page 81). It is 400 miles in 



LOCATION MAP 



Th'e long, narrow lake is Tanganyika ; above, 

 to the northeast, Victoria Nyanza ; below, one- 

 half visible, Nyassa. The small corner map 

 shows in the black area the part of the continent 

 appearing in the larger map. 



length, and but twenty to forty miles in width, 

 and its area is over 12,000 square miles. It is 

 one and a half times as large as Massachusetts. 

 The waters of Lake Tanganyika reach the 

 Congo River by way of the Lukuga, which flows 

 from it on the west, and the lake is fed by 

 several small streams whose sources are in the 

 surrounding mountains. Profuse growths of 

 tropical plants are found on its shores, and its 

 357 



waters abound in fish, crocodiles and hippo- 

 potami. 



Tanganyika was first viewed by Europeans in 

 1858, when the Arabian town of Ujiji, on its 

 eastern shore, was visited by the Burton and 

 Speke expedition. It was at this place, in 1871, 

 that Dr. Livingstone was found by Stanley. 

 The latter explored the whole lake in 1876. 

 Great Britain, Germany and Belgium have es- 

 tablished stations on the shores of the lake, and 

 the Germans, early in 1914, completed a rail- 

 road (777 miles) extending across German East 

 Africa from Dar-es-Salaam, on the Indian 

 Ocean, to Tanganyika. The trip is made in 

 two days. At the outbreak of the War of the 

 Nations Belgium was constructing a line to run 

 between the Upper Congo and the west shore 

 of the lake. 



TANGERINE, tan' jer een, a variety cf or- 

 ange named for Tangier, Morocco, where they 

 were first found, and said to have been pro- 

 duced in America from the mandarin orange. 

 The tangerine is somewhat flattened, and is of 

 a deeper color than the common orange. The 

 peel is easily separated from the pulp, which is 

 sweet and juicy. Although they are smaller 

 than the common orange, tangerines are highly 

 prized by many on account of their flavor. 

 They are raised in most of the states bordering 

 on the Gulf of Mexico. 



TANGIER, tan jeer ' , a picturesque old town 

 of Morocco, of which it is the principal sea- 

 port. It is situated near the western entrance 

 to the Strait of Gibraltar, about thirty-five 

 miles southwest of the town of Gibraltar (see 

 map, opposite page 81). From the sea the 

 town has the appearance of a great amphithea- 

 ter, with white houses rising tier on tier; at 

 the highest point, on a plateau to the north, is 

 an old castle, now a crumbling ruin. The tour- 

 ist in Tangier is reminded of an ancient civili- 

 zation at every turn of the narrow, winding 

 streets, which are too steep to permit travel 

 by vehicle. Littered with refuse and swarming 

 with snake charmers, jugglers, venders, donkeys 

 and camels, they present a panorama of typ- 

 ical Oriental life. 



Besides the whitewashed houses of the na- 

 tive inhabitants, the place has synagogues, 

 mosques, a Roman Catholic chapel, the sul- 

 tan's palace, the residence of the French gov- 

 ernor and several European shops and modern 

 hotels. Electric lighting and telephones are 

 modern innovations that have found a place 

 here, and there is submarine cable and tele- 

 graph service to various points. Tangier and 



