TAY 



5716 



TAYLOR 



must have a thorough understanding of animal 

 forms and expressions, and such knowledge is 

 gained through lessons in drawing and model- 

 ing, through the detailed study of casts and 

 portions of dead animals and the study of live 

 specimens. Ward's Natural Science Institute, 

 at Rochester, N. Y., is the most famous taxi- 

 dermic school in the United States, and most 

 of the American museum experts have been 

 graduated from this establishment. An excel- 

 lent taxidermic department is also maintained 

 by the United States National Museum, at 

 Washington. 



The complete process of mounting is about 

 as follows: By means of a special method of 

 cutting, the skin is removed from the body, 

 even to the ends of the toes and the tips of 

 the ears. This stripping is done so skilfully 

 that there is no injury or disfigurement of the 

 fur, hair, feathers or scales, as the case may be. 

 After the skin is removed it is treated with 

 some preservative compound, such as arsenical 

 soap. When mammals are mounted accurate 

 measurements of the skin are made, and a 

 drawing is worked out which shows the loca- 

 tion of muscles, ribs and hollows. This copy 

 is used as a guide. Next a manikin correspond- 

 ing to the body of the animal is constructed by 

 covering a framework of wire and excelsior 

 with clay, plaster or papier-mache. The mod- 

 eling of such a figure must be done as care- 

 fully as if it were intended to be a sculptor's 

 model. Finally, the skin is put on the manikin, 

 and is carefully sewed together at the points 

 where slits were made in stripping it from the 

 body. 



The details as to shaping the ears, putting in 

 the eyes, tongue, lips, etc., and otherwise ac- 

 curately reproducing the animal are numerous 

 and complicated. Glass eyes are no longer 

 used ; they have been replaced by hollow globes 

 painted so as to give a natural expression. 

 There are special processes for the mounting 

 of birds, fishes and reptiles, but these follow in 

 general the methods given above. M.R.T. 



Consult Hornaday's Taxidermy and Zoological 

 Collecting; Rowley's The Art of Taxidermy. 



TAY, ta, the longest river of Scotland, with 

 a length of 118 miles, that carries more water 

 to the sea than any other stream in Great 

 Britain. It rises in Ben Lui, a mountain on the 

 boundary between Perthshire and Argyllshire, 

 flows through Loch Tay, passes Dunkeld, Aber- 

 feldy, Perth and Dundee, and enters the North 

 Sea through the broad estuary known as the 

 Firth of Tay. The principal tributaries on the 



right are the Almond, Earn and Bran; those 

 on the left are the Lyon, Isla and Tummel. 

 In portions of the river dangerous floods have 

 occurred at various times. Navigation is 1 seri- 

 ously obstructed by shifting sandbanks and 

 swift currents, but the river is navigable to 

 Perth for small vessels, and the largest ships 

 reach Dundee at all stages of the tide. An 

 iron railroad bridge over two miles long spans 

 the estuary. The Tay is one of the most 

 beautiful of Scotland's many picturesque rivers, 

 and it also enjoys great repute as a salmon 

 stream; at Hormontfield, near Perth, there is 

 a hatchery for the breeding of these fish. 



TAYLOR, [JAMES] BAYARD (1825-1878), an 

 American poet, essayist and traveler, born at 

 Kennett Square, Pa., of Quaker ancestors. He 

 received only a high school education and be- 

 gan life as a printer. When but twenty years 

 old he made a 

 visit to Europe, 

 in the course of 

 which he tramped 

 from place to 

 place and sup- 

 ported himself by 

 writing letters, 

 which were after- 

 ward published in 

 book form under 

 the title Views 

 Afoot. He was a 

 born traveler, and 

 journeyed in his 

 later years in 

 Asia Minor, 

 Egypt, China, 

 Japan and various countries of Europe, and 

 wrote many volumes descriptive of the scenes 

 and peoples he visited. During the War of Se- 

 cession he was secretary to the legation at Saint 

 Petersburg, and in 1878 he became United 

 States minister to Germany. He died in Berlin. 



Taylor's most famous work is his translation 

 of Goethe's Faust, which is probably the best 

 in the English language. It was, however, his 

 travel volumes which won him widest reputa- 

 tion during his life and for which he is most 

 generally remembered. His own great ambi- 

 tion was to be known as a poet; but while his 

 works all show poetic talent, and some of them, 

 as the Bedouin Love Song, have retained their 

 popularity, they lack the indescribable quality 

 that would make them really great. Among 

 his works are El Dorado, a description of Cali- 

 fornia in the days of gold seeking; By-Ways of 



BAYARD TAYLOR 



