TELEPATHY 



5737 



TELEPHONE 



when acting upon impressions received through 

 the senses is considered as the objective mind; 

 when acting from intuition, the subjective 

 mind. Telepathy is possible only when each 

 mind concerned is in a subjective state. Fur- 

 thermore, there must be a bond of sympathy 

 bet ween 'the persons. 



Those who argue in favor of telepathy claim 

 that when two people, A and B, are in the 

 same room the mind of one acts upon the mind 

 of the other in such a way as to produce the 

 mental results desired by A upon B without 

 any words, looks or other visible 'means of 

 communication. A good illustration of this is 

 found in the old game of "Willing." A wills 

 that B perform a certain act, and B complies 

 without any visible sign of communication. 

 The Society for Psychical Research after ex- 

 tended investigation decided that in most cases 

 there is some means of communication which 

 the observer is not able to detect, because when 

 the persons are in separate rooms the instances 

 of success are no more than can be accounted 

 for by chance. For instance, A wills that B 

 write the number 10 on a card. There is a 

 chance that A- and B may be thinking of the 

 same number, and that the number 10 will be 

 written. On the other hand, there is a strong 

 probability that they will not be thinking of 

 .the same number unless there is collusion. The 

 experiments referred to showed ninety cases of 

 success with A and B in the same room, when 

 chance should allow only eight. With A and 

 B in different rooms the instances of success 

 were no more than could be accounted for by 

 chance. 



Those who accept the hypothesis of telepathy 

 make use of it to account for warnings and 

 messages from distant friends in times of spe- 

 cial stress or danger, and to account for other 

 similar phenomena. 



There is a wide difference of opinion con- 

 cerning the validity of the hypothesis on the 

 part of those who have given the subject careful 

 study. Some reject the theory entirely, while 

 others believe that some evidence in its favor 

 is "tangible," though not sufficient to warrant 

 a full acceptance of the hypothesis. W.F.R. 



Consult Jastrow's Fact and Fable in Psychol- 

 ogy; Hyslop's Psychical Research and Survival. 



Relating to Various Beliefs. The articles on 

 the following topics, while not bearing directly 

 on the subject treated above, may be of interest 

 in this connection : 

 Alchemy Conjuring 



Astrology Demonology 



Clairvoyance Divination 



Faith Cure 



Hypnotism 



Magic 



Medium 



Mesmerism 



Mind Reading 



Necromancy 



Occult 



Palmistry 



Phrenology 



Physiognomy 



Psychical Research 



Psycho-Analysis 



Spiritualism 



Subconscious 



Suggestion 



Superstition 



Theosophy 



Trance 



Witchcraft 



TELEPHONE, tel'ejohn, a device for repro- 

 ducing vocal sounds at a distance. The word 

 means to produce a sound afar off. So perfect 

 to-day is the instrument we call the tele- 

 phone that the voice of a friend, in low tones 

 over a thousand miles of wire, may be heard 

 as distinctly and be as easily recognized as 

 though the speaker were in an adjoining room, 

 with open doors between. The transmission of 

 the sound of the voice is instantaneous; while 

 a word is being spoken into the transmitting 

 device it is at the same time being heard in a 

 receiving instrument, no matter how many 

 miles away. The modest claims of an inventor 

 in 1876, which nobody believed, were in a very 

 few years developed into one of the most 

 gigantic enterprises the world has ever seen. 

 So new is the telephone that fully half of the 

 people who are living to-day remember when 

 they saw the first imperfect instruments. 



Description of the Modern Telephone. A 

 number of devices for reproducing the sounds 

 of the voice have been tried, but the only one 

 that has proved successful for practical use is 

 the electric telephone. 



In the modern electric telephone an alternat- 

 ing current flows along the line wire and repro- 

 duces the sound at the receiving end. Sound 

 travels in copper wire with a speed of about 

 two miles per second; if it were the sound 

 which traveled over the telephone line it would 

 require a thousand seconds, or more than six- 

 teen minutes, to receive an answer to a spoken 

 message over a line a thousand miles in length, 

 since it would require five hundred seconds for 

 the message to travel each way. The tele- 

 phone does not transmit sound; it transmits 

 an electric current and reproduces sound. 



The Receiver. The telephone receiver con- 

 sists of a steel magnet having a coil of fine wire 

 around one end, and near to this end a disk or 

 diaphragm of soft iron, held in place by a 

 hard rubber casing (see illustration in subhead 

 How to Make a Simple Telephone}. When an 

 electric current flows through the coil in the 

 receiver in one direction it strengthens the 

 magnetic field. This is the case when the mag- 

 netic force of the coil acts in the same direction 



