TELL 



5744 



TEMPERATURE 



Consult Clerke's History of Astronomy; Lock- 

 yer's Star-Gaming, Past and Present. 



TELL, WILLIAM, a legendary hero of Swit- 

 zerland, whose stoiy, though perhaps not his- 

 torically accurate, typifies the spirit that gave 

 the land its freedom. According to the legend, 

 Tell was a peasant of Uri, one of the Forest 



TELL STATUE 

 At Altdorf, Switzerland. 



Cantons. In 1307, when the country lay restive 

 under the oppressive rule of the Austrians, he 

 appeared one day in the market place of Alt- 

 dorf. Here, on top of a pole, the Austrian 

 bailiff Gessler had set up a cap to which he 

 commanded all Swiss to do homage. Tell re- 

 fused to humble himself, and was told that he 

 would be put to death unless he could save 

 himself by shooting an apple from the head of 

 his little son. This harrowing feat he accom- 

 plished, but when he confessed that a second 

 arrow in his quiver was intended for the heart 

 of Gessler, should the first not hit the mark but 

 should kill his son, he was seized and placed in 

 chains. While he was being carried across a 

 lake in the tyrant's boat a great storm arose. 

 In fear of his life Gessler ordered the prisoner 

 unbound, that he might help guide the boat. 

 Tell, when his chains were loosed, sprang 

 ashore, and soon sent an arrow into the heart 

 of his persecutor. The story then connects it- 



self with the revolt of the Forest Cantons, in 

 which Tell is given a conspicuous part. This 

 popular tale is the basis of Schiller's drama 

 Wilhelm Tell and of an opera by Rossini. 



Consult Schmidt's William Tell, translation by 

 Upton ; Marshall's Stories of William Tell and 

 His Friends. 



TEM'PE, VALE OF, a beautiful valley in 

 Thessaly, between Mount Olympus and Mount 

 Ossa. It is about four and a half miles in 

 length, with many beautiful glades and open- 

 ings into the precipitous sides of the mountains. 

 The river Peneus, now called the Salambria, 

 flows through it. In mythology the Vale of 

 Tempe is noted as one of the. favorite haunts 

 of Apollo, and through all time it has been 

 praised in song and verse. 



TEMPERANCE, tern' per ans, a term which 

 signifies moderation in the exercise of the func- 

 tions and privileges of life. "Let your modera- 

 tion be known unto all men," is one of the 

 oft-quoted teachings of the Apostle Paul. 

 Moderation in eating and drinking, in the en- 

 joyment of pleasures, in the expression of 

 opinion, in work and in play is good for all. 

 Society has found it necessary to make many 

 of its laws not for its moderate members but 

 for those who know no moderation; so it is 

 sometimes necessary to deny a people a privi- 

 lege which would be harmless if moderately en- 

 joyed. Restrictive laws in regard to personal 

 conduct would not be necessary if every one 

 were temperate in all his actions. 



In the nineteenth century temperance came 

 to have a special meaning, referring to the use 

 of alcoholic beverages. In fact, it came to 

 mean not moderation, but total abstinence. 

 Nowadays when trhe temperance movement is 

 spoken of one thinks instinctively of the spread 

 of prohibition. The progress made by this 

 movement is summarized in these volumes in 

 the article PROHIBITION. 



Consult Towns' Habits That Handicap. 



Related Subjects. In connection with the 

 general subject of temperance the following arti- 

 cles may be consulted : 

 Alcoholic Drinks Prohibition 



Anti-Saloon League Prohibition Party 



Good Templars Woman's Christian 



License Temperance Union 



Local Option 



TEMPERATURE, tern' 'per ature. In physics 

 temperature is a term used to describe the 

 state of a body with reference to its ability to 

 communicate heat to other bodies. When two 

 bodies are brought into contact and one trans- 

 fers heat to the other, it is evident that the 



