TEMPLE 



5746 



TENANT 



of the order in most countries. Crimes of all 

 sorts were laid at the door of the order to give 

 a semblance of justice to the procedure, but 

 it is certain that while individual members in 

 many cases doubtless deserved all the censure 

 brought against them, the society as a whole 

 had not become degenerate in its aims and 

 methods. Such of the property as was not 

 seized by the sovereigns was turned over to the 

 rival order, the Hospitalers. 



Modern Knights Templars. One of the de- 

 grees in Free Masonry is that of Knight Tem- 

 plar, and to attain this rank, which is one of 

 the highest in the Order, one must first be a 

 Master Mason and Royal Arch Mason. See 

 MASONRY. A.MC c. 



TEMPLE, tem'p'l, the center of Jewish wor- 

 ship from the time of Solomon to the de- 

 struction of Jerusalem by the Romans. The 

 site, on the hill of Zion, was chosen by David, 

 who also gathered the materials for the first, or 

 Solomon's Temple. The walls of this structure, 

 sixty cubits long (a cubit was eighteen inches), 

 twenty wide and thirty high, were of stone, 

 hewn and polished at the quarries, so that there 

 was no sound of hammer or tool of iron in the 

 building (/ Kings VI, 7). The whole edifice, in- 

 side and out, was covered with costly woods, 

 overlaid with gold. Within were the Holy of 

 Holies,' containing the Ark of the Covenant, 

 and the holy place, containing the altar of in- 

 cense, the table of shewbread and the golden 

 candlestick. In front was a porch, ten cubits 

 wide, with an imposing pillar on either side 

 of the entrance. Surrounding the building on 

 three sides were corridors and cells, rising three 

 stories in height. The Temple faced the east, 

 and before it stood the brazen altar of burnt 

 offering. 



The magnificence of Solomon's Temple, its 

 impressive priesthood and its costly sacrifices 

 centralized the worship of the people, and other 

 places of worship disappeared. It was de- 

 stroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, in B. c. 586. Ze- 

 rubabel's temple, erected after the Exile, was far 

 less splendid than Solomon's. In it the Holy 

 of Holies was empty, the Ark having been lost 

 at the time of the captivity. This temple was 

 replaced (19 B.C. to 64 A. D.) by the costly tem- 

 ple of Herod, in which Jesus walked and 

 taught, and which, in its turn, was destroyed by 

 the Romans in A. D. 70. 



TEMPLE, TEX.; a trade center in Bell 

 County, in the east-central part of the state, 

 178 miles northeast of San Antonio. It was 

 founded in 1881 by the Gulf, Colorado & Santa 



Fe Railroad, which established and maintains 

 here extensive car shops and a large hospital. 

 The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad also 

 enters the city, and there is electric service to 

 Belton, the county seat. Temple contains a 

 Federal building, a Carnegie Library, the Tem- 

 ple Sanitarium and the King's Daughters' State 

 Hospital. In addition to car shops, the city 

 has cottonseed-oil mills, a candy factory and 

 flour mills, and there is an important export 

 trade in cotton, grains and live stock. The city 

 was chartered in 1884. Population in 1910, 

 10,995; in 1916, 13,504 (Federal estimate). 



TEM'PO, a musical term meaning time, de- 

 rived from the Italian, and expressing the rate 

 of movement in which a musical composition 

 is to be played. The degrees of time are di- 

 vided into two classes those which suggest the 

 rate of movement, such as lento (slow), adagio 

 (gentle), moderate (moderately), presto 

 (quick), etc., and those which represent a 

 quality which may influence the time, such as 

 vivace (lively), animato (cheerful). See Mu- 

 sic, subhead Tempo, and table on page 4026. 



TENACITY, tenas'iti, a property possessed 

 by all matter. It is the resistance which sub- 

 stances make to being pulled or torn apart, 

 and depends upon the material, the shape of 

 the body, the temperature and the length of 

 time the weight is applied. Tenacity is meas- 

 ured in terms of the weight necessary to break 

 the body. Hollow bodies have greater relative 

 resistance than have solids. The bones of ani- 

 mals, the quills of bird feathers, bamboo cane 

 and cornstalks are illustrations. A cable of 

 many wires woven together is much stronger 

 than a solid rod of the same size and material, 

 because the sum of the tenacities of the wires 

 is greater than that of the rod. Among the 

 metals, cast steel has the greatest tenacity, 

 and lead is among the weakest in this respect. 

 See MATTER; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. 



TEN 'ANT, a term derived from the Latin 

 word teneo, meaning I hold, signifying one 

 who has temporary use and occupation of lands 

 or buildings belonging to another. The terms 

 and period of time for which the property is 

 held are defined in a written agreement which 

 is signed by the owner, or landlord, and by 

 the tenant. This document is known as a 

 lease. 



The relation of landlord and tenant had its 

 origin in the feudal system of the Middle 

 Ages, and some of the feudal obligations of 

 both the lessor and lessee still survive in the 

 present laws. The landlord must defend his 



