TENT CATERPILLAR 



5759 



TENURE OF OFFICE ACT 



or top of the tent during storms. The drip of 

 water through the canvas will not occur if the 

 material is not touched from the inside, and if 

 the roof is kept free from leaves. These facts 

 should be borne in mind. 



The digging of a trench round the tent is 

 often regarded as unnecessary, yet neglect of 

 this precaution has often turned a well-fitted 

 tent into a morass. The trench to draw the 

 water off, built with due regard to the slope of 

 the ground on which the tent is pitched, 

 should be regarded as one of the first essentials 

 of comfortable camping out. Disasters would 

 be less frequent if campers would apply good 

 judgment and perhaps a few minutes' work 

 daily to securing comfortable and hygienic sur- 

 roundings. F.ST.A. 



In this connection there will be found valuable 

 material in the article CAMP, pages 1082-1086. 



TENT CATERPILLAR, kat'erpiler, the 

 larvae (young) of four species of silk-spinning 

 moths, which feed upon the tender leaves of 

 trees. They are so named because the moths 

 spin tent-shaped webs. The most destructive 



kill them. In June the caterpillars scatter in 

 all directions to spin their cocoons in some pro- 

 tected cranny in fences and buildings. Within 

 these silvery sacs they change to pupae, and 

 in two or three weeks emerge as moths to re- 

 peat the life history of the species. 



The forest tent caterpillar, or forest army 

 worm, like the apple-tree tent caterpillar, is 

 common in Eastern United States. The moths 

 are lighter in color than the ones described 

 above, and have dark lines on. their forewings 

 and a row of light dots down the middle of the 

 back. Their tents are less conspicuous and 

 their eggs belts are more nearly circular. 



Two of the western kinds are the California 

 tent caterpillar, which is found upon oak trees 

 in the early spring, and another which infests 

 fruit trees in late summer. W.F.R. 



TEN'URE OF OFFICE ACT, the name given 

 to two acts of the United States Congress which 

 limited the President's power of removal of 

 officers whom he had appointed. The first of 

 these was passed in 1820, chiefly through the 

 influence of William H. Crawford, then secre- 



and conspicuous species is the apple tree tent 

 caterpillar. The moths are dull, reddish-brown, 

 the forewings being marked with two oblique, 

 pale stripes. In July they lay their eggs, about 

 300 in number, in distinct belts on the branches 

 of the apple and wild cherry trees. By fall the 

 minute black caterpillars are fully developed, 

 but they hibernate in the egg. In the early 

 spring they eat their way out of their protective 

 covering of shell and spin their tentlike canopies 

 in the crotch of a branch. 



So ravenous are their appetites that the occu- 

 pants of a single tent eat 12,000 young leaves. 

 The caterpillars file out of their tent to feed 

 in the middle of the morning and again in the 

 afternoon; hence, effectively to exterminate 

 them, the tent should be destroyed in the early 

 morning or evening when the occupants are at 

 home. Spraying the tent with kerosene will 



TENT CATERPILLAR 

 (a) A. close view of a tent with a few restless 



caterpillars on the outside. 

 (&) The full-grown tent caterpillar is marked 



with black and white. 



(c) Adult male moth of the tent caterpillar. 



(d) Adult female moth of the tent caterpillar. 



tary of the treasury. Because it limited the 

 term of a large number of appointive officers 

 to four years, this act is usually said to have 

 laid the foundation for the introduction of the 

 "spoils system," under which a change in the 

 national administration was accompanied by 

 sweeping removals of officeholders and by the 

 appointment of friends and political adherents 

 of the new President to succeed them (see 

 CIVIL SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES, subhead 

 Civil Service Reform). 



More generally known than this act of 1820 

 is the act of 1867, which Congress passed over 

 the veto of President Andrew Johnson. Since 

 the foundation of the national government it 

 had been the custom to allow the President to 

 dismiss at his pleasure any officers appointed by 

 him. As the President was responsible for the 

 acts of his subordinates, and as the Constitu- 



