TEUTONIC RACES 



5767 



TEXAS 



were then pagans, and by 1283 had established 

 their rule over Prussia. They held that coun- 

 try until 1466, then were compelled to cede 

 West Prussia to Poland; and in 1525 the grand 

 master of the order transformed East Prussia 

 into a 'hereditary secular duchy. He also de- 

 clared the order disbanded, for he himself had 

 become a Protestant, but the loyal Catholic 

 knights kept up the organization, the head- 

 quarters of which were at Mergentheim in 

 Swabia. Napoleon I dissolved the order in 

 1809, and its possessions in various countries 

 were confiscated by the sovereigns of the coun- 

 tries in which they were located. In 1840 the 

 emperor of Austria reorganized the Teutonic 

 Knights as an Austrian imperial order, admit- 

 ting priests and sisters who in time of war are 

 engaged in hospital and ambulance service. 



TEUTONIC RACES, the term applied to a 

 branch of the Aryan family. At the present 

 time it is divided into two principal divisions; 

 these are the Scandinavians, including the 

 Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Icelanders, and 

 the Germanic, including the German-speaking 

 people of Germany proper, Austria, Swit- 

 zerland and the Netherlands, the Flem- 

 ings of Belgium and the descendants of 

 the Anglo-Saxons in Great Britain and 

 America. See RACES OF MEN. 



TEXARKANA, teksahr kan' a, TEX., 

 and TEXARKANA, ARK., are separate mu- 



nicipalities but are commercially and industri- 

 ally one city. They are separated by the state 

 boundary between Texas and Arkansas. Texar- 

 kana, Tex., is in Bowie County, and Texarkana, 

 Ark., is the county seat of Miller County. The 

 cities are 145 miles southwest of Little Rock, 

 Ark., about thirty miles from the southeast cor- 

 ner of Oklahoma, and about the same distance 

 from the northwest corner of Louisiana. They 

 are served by the Kansas City Southern, the 

 Memphis, Dallas & Gulf, the Saint Louis, Iron 

 Mountain & Southern, the Saint Louis South- 

 western and the Texas & Pacific railroads. The 

 population of Texarkana in Arkansas was 5,655 

 in 1910. In 1910 Texarkana in Texas had 9,790 

 inhabitants; in 1916 the population of the lat- 

 ter was 12,640 (Federal estimate). 



Prominent features are the Federal post of- 

 fice, which is built across the state boundary 

 and lies in both cities, two city halls, the Miller 

 County courthouse and jail, the railroad hos- 

 pital, which cost $200,000, sanitariums, churches 

 and Saint Agnes Academy. There is a good 

 export trade in lumber and cotton, cottonseed 

 oil and hides. Important industrial es- 

 tablishments include various plants con- 

 nected with the cotton industry, railroad 

 shops, furniture and pottery factories, 

 lumber mills and machine shops. Both 

 places were settled in 1873, and both were 

 incorporated as cities in 1887. 



EXAS, one of the south-central states 

 and the- largest commonwealth in the American 

 Union. It is no longer a lonely plain, but, rich 

 in natural resources, it is to-day a progressive 

 and a prosperous state. Unlike any other state, 

 it was an independent republic when admitted 

 into the Union (see subtitle History, below). 

 It was named for the Texas Indians, who oc- 

 cupied part of the territory ; friends is given as 

 the most probable meaning of the name. Texas 

 is popularly known as the LONE STAR STATE, 

 because of the single star in the flag of the 

 republic. The bluebonnet is the state flower. 



Size and Location. Having an area of 265,896 

 square miles, Texas is larger than the states of 

 Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois and Indiana 

 combined. It is nearly six times the size of 

 the state of New York and about 10,000 square 

 miles larger than the province of Alberta. 

 Point Isabel on the Gulf coast, and Texline, 

 a town on the Texas-New Mexico border, are 

 1,107 miles apart, and this distance is 200 miles 

 more than the shortest rail route between Chi- 

 cago and New York. The city of El Paso in 

 Western Texas lies at a greater distance from 

 Texarkana than does the city of Chicago, and 



