THOROUGHWORT 



5798 



THOUGHT 



and the Niagara, Saint Catharine's & Ontario 

 railways. These connect with the Michigan 

 Central, Wabash, Pere Marquette and Cana- 

 dian Pacific railways. Thorold's importance is 

 chiefly due, however, to the Welland Canal, 

 whose newest channel is cut through the town. 

 The coming of the canal is responsible for a 

 rapid growth since 1911. Population in 1911, 

 2,273; in 1916, estimated, 5,001. 



Thorold is in the northern part of the Ni- 

 agara Peninsula. It is four miles from Saint 

 Catharine's, eight miles by electric trolley south 

 of Niagara Falls and twenty miles north of Port 

 Colborne. Thorold has one of the largest paper 

 mills in the world, and is also a manufacturer of 

 pulp, fiber board, abrasives, knit goods and 

 smelted silver. Electric power is derived from 

 Niagara Falls, and also from abundant natural 

 gas in the vicinity. The town was founded in 

 1792, and was named for Sir John Thorold 

 (died 1815), of.Syston Park, England. Sir John 

 is best known as one of the greatest of English 

 book collectors. The town was incorporated in 

 1875, and until recent years had a slow growth. 

 It is historically interesting as the site of the 

 Battle of Beaver Dam, in which Laura Secord 

 played a conspicuous part. 



THOROUGHWORT, tho'rowurt. See BONE- 

 SET. 



THORWALDSEN, tawr' wawld sen, BERTEL 

 (1770-1844), the foremost sculptor of Denmark, 

 and one of the greatest of modern times. Like 

 the great Italian artist Canova he was the 

 exponent of classicism (see SCULPTURE, subhead 

 Italy}, but he followed the Greek ideal more 

 closely than his famous contemporary, and his 

 works suggest, more than those of any other 

 sculptor of his day, the serene beauty and 

 purity of ancient Greek masterpieces. At the 

 age of eleven Thorwaldsen began his art studies 

 in the academy of Copenhagen, his birthplace. 

 When he was twenty-three he won a gold 

 medal and a scholarship which permitted him 

 to study in Rome. Here his work received 

 generous recognition from Canova, especially 

 the plaster cast of a colossal Jason with the 

 Golden Fleece. His first important commission 

 (1803) was an order to reproduce this noble 

 statue in marble, and, having once gained a 

 reputation, he advanced rapidly in fame and 

 fortune. 



Among the famous works which he executed 

 within the next few years were a frieze entitled 

 the Entry of Alexander the Great into Babylon 

 (in honor of Napoleon's expected visit to 

 Rome), and the model for the Lion of Lucerne, 



a memorial to the Swiss Guards who died in 

 defense of the royal palace at Versailles. This 

 latter was copied by the Swiss sculptor Ahorn 

 when he chiseled the sleeping lion out of the 

 solid rock at Lucerne (see picture on page 3530 

 accompanying the article LUCERNE). In 1819 

 Thorwaldsen returned to Copenhagen, and was 

 greeted there with a reception that was a per- 

 sonal triumph. During a brief sojourn in the 

 city he received a commission to decorate the 

 Church of Our Lady, and among the figures 

 executed for this purpose is a colossal Christ 

 that will always be regarded as one of his mas- 

 terpieces. 



Returning to Rome, Thorwaldsen made for 

 Saint Peter's a monument to Pope Pius VII 

 and executed many other important commis- 

 sions. In 1825 he was elected president of the 

 Accademia di San Luca, an honor not usually 

 accorded to a Protestant. The last two years 

 of his life were spent in his native city, and all 

 his possessions were left to that municipality 

 for the establishment of the Thorwaldsen Mu- 

 seum. In this institution are preserved the 

 plaster models or originals of all of his sculp- 

 tures, besides many other art treasures. His 

 influence on contemporary and later artists was 

 far-reaching, and he had a large share in bring- 

 ing about the classic revival of the nineteenth 

 century. Among his important works, besides 

 those already mentioned, are Cupid and Psyche, 

 Memorial to Baroness Schubart, Four Seasons 

 and the medallions Morning and Night. R.D.M. 



THOTHMES III, thoth'meez, or toht'maze, 

 called THE GREAT, a king of ancient Egypt, 

 under whom the country came to the zenith of 

 its prosperity. Through a long series of wars he 

 subjugated Syria, Palestine, part of Mesopo- 

 tamia almost all the territory, in fact, from 

 the Nile to the Euphrates. On the walls of 

 the great temple at Karnak he had vainglorious 

 accounts of his campaigns inscribed, erasing the 

 names of earlier rulers to make room for his 

 own. He built many temples, using in that way 

 much of the wealth ravaged from his subject 

 territories, and he erected the famous obelisks 

 known as Cleopatra's Needles, one of which 

 stands now in Central Park, New York, and 

 another in London. The dates of his reign are 

 uncertain, but it seems that he came to the 

 throne about 1538 B. c. and died about 1485 B. c. 

 His mummy, like those of Seti I and Rameses 

 II, was discovered in 1881 at Deir-el-Bahri. 



THOUGHT, thawt. The mind is a store- 

 house furnished with bits of knowledge which 

 are either innate or have been gathered by ob- 



